Chapter 6.16

Nātiō est omnis Gallōrum admodum dēdita religiōnibus, atque ob eam causam quī sunt adfectī graviōribus morbīs quīque in proeliīs perīculīsque versantur aut prō victimīs hominēs immolant aut sē immolātūrōs vovent, administrīsque ad ea sacrificia druidibus ūtuntur; quod, prō vītā hominis nisi hominis vīta reddātur, nōn posse deōrum immortālium nūmen plācārī arbitrantur, pūblicēque ēiusdem generis habent īnstitūta sacrificia. Aliī immānī māgnitūdine simulācra habent, quōrum contexta vīminibus membra vīvīs hominibus complent; quibus succēnsīs circumventī flammā exanimantur hominēs. Supplicia eōrum quī in fūrtō aut in latrōciniō aut aliquā noxiā sint comprehēnsī grātiōra dīs immortālibus esse arbitrantur; sed, cum ēius generis cōpia dēfēcit, etiam ad innocentium supplicia dēscendunt.

    宗教习俗和活人献祭。

    nātiō omnis: “整个种族”;见章1.1 Gallia omnis.

    admodum: 副词:非常,极其 (Sihler)

    quī ... quīque: “这些...的人和那些...的人”

    aut ... aut: “要么...要么”

    homines: immolant和immolaturos的宾语。虽然凯撒并没有说明他曾经见过活人献祭,也同样没有证据与他的记录相左。活人献祭似乎在罗马征服高卢之后就停止了(Walker);(学者Thierry认为) 活人献祭的仪式在这个时候的高卢已经被废弃了。凯撒似乎也不知道任何实例。(Allen & Judson).

    pro victimis: “作为牺牲品”(Moberly) (A&G 221.16)

    administrīs: “作为(仪式的)主持”

    quod, prō vītā ... plācārī arbitrantur: 正确的语序是:quod arbitrantur nūmen deōrum immortālium nōn posse plācārī nisi vīta hominis prō vītā hominis reddātur.v

    publice: “代表国家的公务”(Walker)

    habent instituta: 字面意义为“他们已经建立了”=“他们定期举行(献祭)”

    nātĭo -ōnis f.: 民族,国家;高卢的各个部落

    admodum: 非常地

    dēdō –dere –didī –ditum: 送走,送出;献祭给

    religiō –ōnis f.: 宗教义务;举行仪式祭拜神明

    adficiō –ficere –fēcī –fectum: 影响,侵袭,患(病);处理

    orbus -ī m.: 疾病

    versō –āre: turn; (被动式) 参与

    vīctima –ae f.: 牺牲用的动物

    immŏlo -āre: 牺牲,作为牺牲品杀死并献给神明

    vŏvĕo -ēre vōvi vōtum: 发誓,保证

    admĭnister -ri m.: 仪式主持者

    sacrficium –ī n.: 牺牲品

    Drŭĭdes, -um m.: 高卢祭祀,德鲁伊特人

    reddo, -ere: 给予;还给...,返还

    immortālis –e: 不朽的

    plācō –āre: 使...平静;平息

    pūblĭcē: (副词)为了国家;官方;公务

    immānis, -e: 巨大的,宽广的

    sĭmŭlācrum, -i n.: 形象,人像

    contexō –texere –texuī –textum: 编织,缠绕

    vīmen, -ĭnis n.: 柳树;柳条以及柳条制品

    vīvus –a –um: 活着的

    compleō –ēre –ēvī –ētum: 填满

    succendō –cendere –cendī –cēnsum: 在下方点燃,在下面用火烧

    circumveniō –venīre –vēnī –ventum: 包围,环绕

    exanimō -āre: 杀死

    supplicium -i n.: 惩罚,处罚

    furtum, -i n.: 偷窃

    lātrōcĭnĭum, -ĭi n.: 抢劫

    noxia, -ae f.: 罪行,罪过

    comprehendō –dere –dī –sum: 逮捕,抓获

    deficiō -ficere -fēcī -fectum: 耗尽,用完

    innŏcens, -ntis: 无辜的

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    Christopher Francese, Caesar: Selections from the Gallic War. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2011, revised and enlarged 2018. ISBN: 978-1-947822-02-3. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/zh-hans/chapter-6-16