At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat,

Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis

compositi numero in turmas. fremit aequore toto

insultans sonipes et pressis pugnat habenis600

huc conuersus et huc; tum late ferreus hastis

horret ager campique armis sublimibus ardent.

nec non Messapus contra celeresque Latini

et cum fratre Coras et uirginis ala Camillae

aduersi campo apparent, hastasque reductis605

protendunt longe dextris et spicula uibrant,

aduentusque uirum fremitusque ardescit equorum.

iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque

substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore furentisque

exhortantur equos, fundunt simul undique tela610

crebra niuis ritu, caelumque obtexitur umbra.

continuo aduersis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus

conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam

dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum

pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus615

fulminis in morem aut tormento ponderis acti

praecipitat longe et uitam dispergit in auras.

    CORE VOCABULARY

    manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.

    intereā: (adv.), amid these things; meanwhile, in the meantime, 1.418, et al.

    Trōiānus, a, um: adj. (Trōia), Trojan, 1.19; subst., Trōiānus, ī, m., a Trojan, 1.286; pl., Trōiānī, ōrum, m., the Trojans, 5.688.

    propinquō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to bring near; render favorable, 10.254; to draw near, approach, w. dat., 2.730, et al. (propinquus)

    Etrūscus, a, um: adj. (Etrūria), Etrurian, Tuscan, 8.503; subst., Etrūscī, ōrum, m., the Etrurians, Tuscans, 9.150.

    numerō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to number, count, reckon. (numerus)

    turma, ae, f.: a squadron or troop, properly of Roman cavalry; in general, a troop, squadron, 5.560; host, army, 11.503; in turmās, into or in squadrons, 11.599.

    fremō, uī, itus, 3, n. and a.: to make a murmuring noise; to roar, 1.56; whinny, neigh, 12.82; raise lamentations, 6.175; whiz, 12.922; resound, 4.668; rage, 5.19; to be fierce, furious, 4.229; fume, rave, 12.535; shout and sing, 4.146; a., rage, rave for, clamor for, 11.453, et al.; ore fremere, applaud, shout applause, 5.385; p., fremēns, entis, raging, 4.229.

    īnsultō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: (w. dat.), to leap upon, bound upon, gallop over, trample on, 12.339; (w. acc.), bound, dance, rush through, 7.581; absol., prance, 11.600; insult, be insolent, mock, 2.330; exult, 10.20. (īnsiliō, leap upon)

    sonipēs, edis: adj. (sonus and pēs), noisy-hoofed; subst. m., horse, courser, steed, 4.135.

    premō, pressī, pressus, 3, a.: to press, freq.; tread upon, 2.380; trample, 5.331; press together, close, 6.155; press after, pursue, 1.324; overflow, overwhelm, 1.246; press upon, 2.530; follow up in speech, 7.119; stab, slay, 9.330; hem in, 11.545; suppress, keep down, conceal, 1.209; 12.322; obscure, withdraw, 4.81; restrain, curb, 1.63; check, discourage, 11.402; repress, 4.332; subject, reduce, oppress, 1.285; premere vestīgia, arrest the footsteps, 6.197; plant one's footsteps on, tread on (with abl. of place), 11.788.

    habēna, ae, f.: a rein, 1.63, et al.; strap, thong, 9.587; whip, 7.380; immissīs or laxīs habēnīs, with all the reins let out, without restraint, unchecked, 5.662; pressīs or adductīs habēnīs, with tightened reins, 12.622. (habeō)

    lātē: (adv.), widely; far and wide, 1.21; on all sides, far around, 1.163; all over, 12.308. (lātus)

    ferreus, a, um: adj. (ferrum), of iron, iron-, 3.45; (fig.), inflexible, stern, iron; of death, 10.745.

    hasta, ae, f.: a spear, 2.50, and freq.; hasta pūra, a headless spear, 6.760; pampinea hasta, a thyrsus, 7.396.

    horreō, 2, n. and a.: to bristle up or be bristling, 6.419; to bristle, 11.602; (fig.), to shudder, tremble, 2.12; shudder at, fear, dread, 4.209.

    sublīmis, e: (adj.), raised up, elevated, uplifted, 11.602; aloft; on high, 1.259; through the air, 1.415; on high, 6.720; to heaven, 5.255; of lofty soul, 12.788; (adv.), sublīme, loftily, aloft, on high, 10.664.

    nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.

    Messāpus, ī, m.: a Latin chief, allied with Turnus, 7.691, et al.

    contrā: (prep. and adv.; prep. w. acc.), over against; opposite to, 1.13; against, 5.370; to, 9.280; on the contrary, 12.779; on the other hand, in reply, 1.76.

    Latīnī, ōrum, m.: the people of Latium; the Latins, 12.823, et al.

    Corās, ae, m.: a hero of Tibur, 7.672.

    āla, ae, f.: a wing, 1.301; the feather of an arrow, 9.578; the wing of an army; cavalry, 11.730; troop, battalion, 11.604; horsemen, mounted huntsmen, 4.121.

    Camilla, ae, f.: a Volscian heroine, ally of Turnus, 7.803, et al.

    redūcō, dūxī, ductus, 3, a.: to lead, bring back; restore, 1.143; return, 9.257; draw back, 5.478; rescue, 4.375.

    prōtendō, tendī, tēnsus or tentus, 3, a.: to stretch forth or out; extend, 5.377.

    spīculum, ī, n.: a sharp point; (meton.), an arrow, a dart, javelin, spear, 5.307.

    vibrō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: a., to cause to move tremulously; to dart, flash, 8.524; to move to and fro, brandish, 11.606; curl, 12.100; n., vibrate, 2.211; quiver, 10.484; glitter, flash, 9.769.

    adventus, ūs, m.: a coming, an arrival, 5.36; advance, 11.607. (advenio)

    fremitus, ūs, m.: a murmuring, an uproar, din; tumult, shouting, 2.338, et al.; buzzing, humming; neighing, 11.607. (fremō)

    ārdēscō, ārsī, 3, inc. n.: to begin to burn; (fig.), burn, 1.713; to increase, grow louder and louder, 11.607. (ārdeō)

    intrā: (prep. w. acc., and adv.), on the inside; within, 2.33, et al.; for in, 7.168.

    iactus, ūs, m.: a cast; leap; shot; reach, 11.608. (iaciō)

    prōgredior, gressus sum, 3 dep. n.: to go, come forward or forth, 4.136; advance, 3.300; move on, 12.219. (prō and gradior)

    subsistō, stitī, 3, n. and a.: to stand after; halt, stand still, 2.243; wait, remain, 11.506; tarry, remain behind, 2.739; stop, 12.491; withstand, resist, hold out, 9.806.

    ērumpō, rūpī, ruptus, 3, a. and n.: to burst forth; burst, break through, 1.580; dash, dart forward, 10.890.

    furō, uī, 3, n.: to be mad; freq., to rave, be frantic, rage, 1.491; to be furious, burn, storm (for war), 7.625; to be burning or mad with love, 1.659; to be frenzied, in a frenzy, 6.100; inspired, 2.345; distracted with grief, 3.313; plunge madly, 9.552; boil, 7.464; with cognate acc., give vent to one's fury, 12.680.

    exhortor, ātus sum, 1, dep. a.: to encourage, rouse, 7.472; advise, 8.510; to spur, 11.610.

    crēber, bra, brum: (adj.), repeated, frequent, 2.731; coming thick and fast, 11.611; blowing fresh; fresh, 5.764; abounding in, full of, 1.85.

    nix, nivis, f.: snow, 4.250.

    rītus, ūs, m.: a farm of religious ceremonial; a form, rite, 12.836; custom, manner, 7.741; abl., rītū, in the manner of, like, 11.611.

    obtexō, texuī, textus, 3, a.: to weave over; cover, cloud, darken, 11.611.

    continuō: (adv.), immediately, straightway. (continuus)

    Tyrrhēnus, ī, m.: the name of an Etruscan ally of Aeneas, 11.612.

    Aconteus, eī, m.: a Latin warrior, 11.612.

    cōnītor, nīxus or nīsus sum, 3, dep. n.: to lean or brace one’s self against; struggle, strive, put forth all one’s strength, 5.264; strain every nerve, 9.769.

    incurrō, currī or cucurrī, cursus, 3, n.: to run into or against; rush upon, charge, 2.409; 11.759.

    ruīna, ae, f.: a falling down; fall, overthrow; convulsion, commotion, destructive force, 1.129; onset, shock, 11.613; pl., ruin, overthrow, destruction, 1.238; dare, trahere ruīnam, to fall in ruins, 2.310; bring destruction, 12.454. (ruō)

    sonitus, ūs, m.: a sounding; noise, 2.732, et al.; roaring, 2.209; thunder, 6.586. (sonō)

    perfringō, frēgī, frāctus, 3, a.: to break through; break completely; dash or break in pieces, crush, 10.279; break, dash, 11.614. (per and frangō)

    quadrupedāns, antis: (adj.), going on four feet; galloping, 8.596; subst., gen. pl., horses, 11.614.

    excutiō, cussī, cussus, 3, a.: to shake out or off, 2.224; throw or cast down, 1.115; cast out, 10.590; drive away, 3.200; expel, 7.299; shake out, uncoil, 3.267; uncoil and arrange (set the sails), 3.683; deprive of, 6.353; throw aside, break, 12.158; hurry forth, call forth, 9.68. (ex and quatiō)

    fulmen, inis, n.: lightning, 10.177; thunderbolt, 2.649, et al.; thunder, 1.230. (fulgeō)

    tormentum, ī, n.: an engine for hurling missiles by means of twisted ropes; a catapult or ballista, 11.616; punishment by the rack, torture, 8.487. (torqueō)

    praecipitō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to cast headlong, hurl, plunge, 2.37; urge, hurry, hasten; impel, incite, 2.317; break off, end swiftly, 12.699; hasten away, 4.565; n. (sc. sē), fall headlong, 6.351; descend swiftly, 2.9; run down, 4.251. (praeceps)

    dispergō, spersī, spersus, 3, a.: to sprinkle, shower around; disperse, scatter, 3.197; diffuse, dissolve, 11.617. (dis- and spargō)

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    Suggested Citation

    Christopher Francese and Meghan Reedy, Vergil: Aeneid Selections. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-947822-08-5. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/pt/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-xi-597-617