Atque hīc Aenēān māgnā ter vōce vocāvit.873

Aenēās agnōvit enim laetusque precātur:

'Sīc pater ille deum faciat, sīc altus Apollō!875

incipiās cōnferre manum.'

Tantum effātus et īnfēstā subit obvius hastā.

Ille autem: 'Quid mē ēreptō, saevissime, nātō

terrēs? haec via sōla fuit quā perdere possēs:

Nec mortem horrēmus nec dīvum parcimus ūllī.880

Dēsine, nam veniō moritūrus et haec tibi portō

dōna prius.' Dīxit, tēlumque intorsit in hostem;

inde aliud super atque aliud fīgitque volatque

ingentī gȳrō, sed sustinet aureus umbō.

Ter circum astantem laevōs equitāvit in orbīs885

tēla manū iaciēns, ter sēcum Trōïus hērōs

immānem aerātō circumfert tegmine silvam.

Inde ubi tot trāxisse morās, tot spicula taedet

vellere, et urgētur pūgnā congressus inīquā,

multa movēns animō iam tandem ērumpit et inter890

bellātōris equī cava tempora cōnicit hastam.

Tollit sē arrēctum quadripēs et calcibus aurās

verberat, effūsumque equitem super ipse secūtus

implicat ēiectōque incumbit cernuus armō.

Clāmōre incendunt caelum Trōesque Latīnīque.895

Advolat Aenēās vāgīnāque ēripit ēnsem

et super haec: 'Ubi nunc Mezentius ācer et illa

effera vīs animī?' Contrā Tyrrhēnus, ut aurās

suspiciēns hausit caelum mentemque recēpit:

'Hostis amāre, quid increpitās mortemque mināris?900

nūllum in caede nefās, nec sīc ad proelia vēnī,

nec tēcum meus haec pepigit mihi foedera Lausus.

Ūnum hōc per sī qua est victīs venia hostibus ōrō:

corpus humō patiāre tegī. Sciō acerba meōrum

circumstāre odia: hunc, ōrō, dēfende furōrem905

et mē cōnsortem nātī concēde sepulcrō.'

Haec loquitur, iugulōque haud īnscius accipit ēnsem

undantīque animam diffundit in arma cruōre.

    CORE VOCABULARY

    Aenēās, ae, m.: 1. A Trojan chief, son of Venus and Anchises, and hero of the Aeneid, 1.92. 2. Aenēās Silvius, one of the Alban kings, 6.769.

    ter: (num. adv.), thrice, three times, 1.94, et al. (trēs)

    adgnoscō, nōvī, nitus, 3, a.: to recognize, 1.470.

    Apollō, inis, m.: Apollo, son of Jupiter and Latona; the god of prophecy, medicine, music, poetry, and archery, 2.430; met., a temple of Apollo, 3.275.

    manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.

    effor, fātus sum, 1, dep. a. and n.: to speak forth; speak, say, 6.560. (ex and for)

    īnfestus, a, um: infested; unsafe, hostile, inimical, 2.571; dangerous, mortal, 2.529; fatal, pernicious, destructive, 5.641.

    subeō, iī, itus (p. subiēns, euntis), 4, n. and a.: to go or come under, into, or up to; alone, or with acc. and prep., or with dat.; without a case, come up, 2.216; go under, bend, stoop down under, 10.522; come after; follow, 2.725; take one's place, 12.471; enter, 1.171; come into or upon the mind, suggest itself, occur, 2.560; with acc. and prep., go, advance towards, 8.359; with dat., come or go up to, down to, into, 5.203; succeed to, 5.176; come after, follow, 10.371; with acc., approach, enter, 1.400; go under a burden, bear, with abl. of instrument, 2.708; go under the yoke, draw, 3.113; enter the mind of, strike, occur to, 9.757; approach, reach, 3.512; approach, 7.22; meet, encounter, 10.798; attack, 9.344.

    obvius, a, um: adj. (ob and via), in the way; presenting one's self or itself; meeting, 1.314; against, 6.880; opposing, 9.56; in the way of; exposed to, 3.499; obvius fierī, to encounter, meet, 10.380.

    hasta, ae, f.: a spear, 2.50, and freq.; hasta pūra, a headless spear, 6.760; pampinea hasta, a thyrsus, 7.396.

    possum, potuī, posse, irreg. n.: to be able; can, 1.242, et al.; to avail, have influence, power, 4.382. (potis and sum)

    nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.

    horreō, 2, n. and a.: to bristle up or be bristling, 6.419; to bristle, 11.602; (fig.), to shudder, tremble, 2.12; shudder at, fear, dread, 4.209.

    veniō, vēnī, ventus: to come, freq.; come forth; approach, 6.755; rise, appear, 1.353; dawn, 10.241; to present one's self or itself, 5.344; descend, spring from, 5.373; impers., ventum est, we, they came or have come, 4.151.

    intorqueō, torsī, tortus, 2, a.: to turn or hurl toward, or against, 2.231; shoot, dart, 9.534.

    super: (adv.), above, 4.684, et al.; above, from above, 10.384; moreover, 4.606; besides, 1.29; more than enough, 2.642; remaining, surviving, left (with ellipsis of esse), 3.489, et al.; still (or above), 4.684; of time, in, during, 9.61.

    fīgō, fīxī, fīxus, 3, a.: to fix or fasten; freq., the object in or on which, in the abl., 1.212; abl. w. prep., 6.636; acc. w. prep., 9.408; fasten up, suspend from, 3.287; hang up, 1.248; set up, establish, make, 6.622; transfix, pierce, 5.516; hurl (fix by hurling), 10.883; wound, 10.343; inscribe, 11.84.

    volō, āvī, ātus, 1, n.: to fly, 1.300, et al.; of rumor, to be spread rapidly, noised or spread abroad, 3.121.

    gȳrus, ī, m.: a circle, circular track, ring; circuit, 10.884; coil, 5.85.

    umbō, ōnis, m.: the boss of a shield, 2.546; a shield, 7.633.

    circum: (adv.), about, around; (prep. with acc.), around, about.

    adstō, stitī, 1, n.: to stand at, near, or upon; alight, 1.301; stand, 9.677; be present, 3.150; stand or be ready, 3.123; impend, 3.194.

    laevus, a, um: (adj.), the left, 10.495; (situated) on the left, 3.412; the left, 3.420; (fig.), ill-starred, unpropitious, baleful, 10.275; infatuated, blind, 2.54.

    equitō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to be a horseman; to ride, 10.885. (eques)

    Trōius, a, um: (adj.), of Troy, Trojan, 1.119.

    hērōs, ōis, m.: a demigod; a hero, 6.192, et al.; an illustrious man, champion, hero, 5.453.

    immānis, e: (adj.), vast, huge, immense, 1.110; wild, savage, barbarous, 1.616; cruel, ruthless, 1.347; unnatural, monstrous, hideous, 6.624; (adv.), immāne, wildly, fiercely, 12.535.

    aerātus, a, um: adj. (aes), furnished with copper, bronze; made of bronze, 2.481; bronze-covered; with brazen prow, 8.675; armed with bronze; armed, 7.703.

    circumferō, tulī, lātus, ferre, irreg. a.: to bear round; pass around, sprinkle, purify by sprinkling, 6.229; cast about, 12.558.

    tegmen (tegumen), inis, n.: a means of covering; skin, hide, 1.275; clothing, 3.594; shield, 9.577; tegmen crūrum, close-fitting trousers worn by Phrygians, 11.777. (tegō)

    spīculum, ī, n.: a sharp point; (meton.), an arrow, a dart, javelin, spear, 5.307.

    taedet, taeduit or taesum est, 2, impers. a.: it irks, wearies, disgusts me, thee, etc.; I (thou, he, etc.) am wearied, tired, 4.451.

    vellō, vellī or vulsī, vulsus, 3, a.: to pluck; pull up, 3.28; wrench, tear away, 2.480; tear down, 9.506; move, 11.19; seize, lift, 10.381; vellere sīgna, pluck up the standards from the ground; move the camp, depart.

    urgeō, ursī, 2, a. and n.: to drive, impel, press forward, 1.111; ply, hasten, 9.489; press, oppress, crush, bear down, 3.579; press around, inclose, surround, hem in, 11.524; weigh upon, oppress, close, 10.745; overpower, 2.653; attack, 10.375; punish, torture, 6.561.

    congredior, gressus sum, 3, dep. n.: to step, go together; encounter, 1.475; join battle; proceed to battle, 12.13. (com- and gradior)

    inīquus, a, um: unequal; uneven in surface, rounding, 10.303; of the sun, torrid, 7.227; too narrow, dangerous, 5.203; treacherous, 11.531; morally, unfavorable, hard, inequitable, 4.618; unjust, cruel, 1.668, et al.

    multa, ōrum, n.: (adv.), much, greatly, exceedingly, 4.390, et al. (compar.), plūra, more, 5.381; (superl.), plūrima, very much, 9.335.

    ērumpō, rūpī, ruptus, 3, a. and n.: to burst forth; burst, break through, 1.580; dash, dart forward, 10.890.

    bellātor, ōris, m.: a warrior, 11.553; adj., warlike, 12.614. (bellō)

    cavus, a, um: (adj.), hollow, 1.81; concave, 8.599; arching, vaulted, 2.487; cavae manūs, the palms of the hands, 12.86.

    tempus, oris, n.: 1. Time in general, a period, time, 1.278; interval or space of time, 4.433; crisis, circumstance, juncture, 7.37; season, fitting time, opportunity, proper moment, 4.294; ex longō (tempore), in or for a long time, 9.64. 2. The temple of the forehead, 9.418; commonly pl., 2.684; of animals, 12.173.

    coniciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to throw together; pile up, 5.662; throw, cast, hurl, 2.545; turn, 12.483. (com- and iaciō)

    arrigō, rēxī, rēctus, 3, a.: to raise up; erect; bristle up, 10.726; (fig.), to excite, rouse; p., arrēctus, a, um, standing up, rising; erect, 5.426; bristling, 11.754; attentive, 1.152; animated, roused, encouraged, 1.579; ardent, intent; intense, 5.138; in fearful expectation, 12.731. (ad and regō)

    quadrupēs, edis: adj. (quattuor and pēs), four-footed; subst., c., a quadruped, animal, beast, 3.542; courser, steed, 11.875.

    calx, calcis, f., and rarely m.: the heel, 5.324; the hoof of a horse, the fore foot, or hoof, 10.892; a spur, 11.714.

    verberō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to lash, beat, strike, 3.423, et al. (verber)

    effundō, fūdī, fūsus, 3, a.: to pour out or forth; shed, 2.271; throw, cast out, 7.780; cast, 6.339; overthrow, 11.485; bring out, 9.68; unbind, dishevel, 4.509; dissolve, 2.651; let loose, throw out, 5.818; spend, lose, waste, 5.446; of words, utter, 5.780; (pass.), effundī, dart, 5.145; flow, 6.686. (ex and fundō)

    implicō, āvī or uī, ātus or itus, 1, a.,: to fold in; involve, entangle, entwine, 2.215; to wheel, 12.743; (w. dat.), bind to, 11.555; infuse, 1.660; insinuate, mingle, 7.355; sē implicāre, cling to, 2.724.

    ēiciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to cast out, forth, away; p., ēiectus, a, um, cast ashore, 1.578; banished, 8.646; stretched out at full length, thrust forth, 10.894. (ex and iaciō)

    incumbō, cubuī, cubitus, 3, n.: to lay one's self upon; lean or recline upon; (w. dat.), lie on or stretch over, 2.205; fall upon, 1.84; bend to, ply, 5.15; hasten, urge, press on, 2.653; overhang, 2.514; press or bend toward, 5.325; (w. ad and acc.), lean, hang, incline, 8.236; absolute, bend to, urge on the work, 4.397.

    cernuus, a, um: (adj.), with head or face prone downward; pitching, bending with the head to the ground, prostrate, 10.894.

    armus, ī, m.: the shoulder, strictly at the shoulder blade; of beasts, shoulder, 11.497; flank, side, 6.881; of men, the shoulder, 11.644

    incendō, cendī, cēnsus, 3, a.: to set fire to, burn, 2.353; kindle, 3.279; illuminate, 5.88; (fig.), of the mind, fire, inflame, 1.660; arouse, rouse to action, 5.719; excite, irritate, enrage, madden, provoke, 4.360; disturb, rend, fill, 10.895.

    Trōes, m.: (subst.), the Trojans, 1.30, et al. (Tros, one of the kings of Troy)

    Latīnī, ōrum, m.: the people of Latium; the Latins, 12.823, et al.

    advolō, āvī, ātus, 1, n.: to fly to, fly, 10.511; hasten, run up, speed, 10.896.

    vāgīna, ae, f.: a scabbard, sheath, 4.579.

    ēnsis, is, m.: a sword, 2.393, et al.; knife, 2.155.

    Mēzentius, iī, m.: tyrant of Agylla or Caere, and ally of Latinus and Turnus, 7.648.

    efferus, a, um: adj. (ex and ferus, wild), extremely wild; savage, frantic, 4.642; fierce, 8.6; cruel, 8.484.

    contrā: (prep. and adv.; prep. w. acc.), over against; opposite to, 1.13; against, 5.370; to, 9.280; on the contrary, 12.779; on the other hand, in reply, 1.76.

    Tyrrhēnus, a, um: adj. (Tyrrhēnī), Tyrrhenian; Etruscan, Tuscan, 1.67; subst., Tyrrhēnus, ī, m., a Tuscan, 10.787.

    suspiciō, spexī, spectus, 3, a. and n.: to look up to, 6.668; behold, see; look upon with wonder; admire; survey, 1.438. (sub and speciō, look)

    hauriō, hausī, haustus, 4, a.: to draw any fluid, 9.23; drink; drain, 1.738; draw blood with a weapon; devour, slay, 2.600; pierce, 10.314; take in with the eyes or ears; receive, 12.26; perceive, see, 4.661; hear, 4.359; strain, thrill, 5.137; suffer, 4.383; conceive, 10.648.

    amārus, a, um: (adj.), bitter, brackish, salt, briny; (fig.), bitter, 4.203; biting, 11.337; cruel, 10.900.

    increpitō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. n. and a.: to make a great noise; to call or cry out to; chide, blame, reproach, 3.454; dare, challenge, 1.738; taunt, 10.900. (increpō)

    minor, ātus sum, 1, dep. n. and a.: to jut out, project; ascend, tower, 1.162; threaten, menace, 3.540. (minae)

    pangō, pēgī or pepigī, pāctus, 3, a.: to fasten; strike, covenant, agree to, contract, 10.902; appoint, 11.133; devise, attempt, undertake, 8.144.

    foedus, eris, n.: a treaty, league, alliance, freq., truce, 5.496; side or party, 12.658; covenant, contract, 4.339; laws of hospitality, hospitality, 10.91; pledge, love, 4.520; law, term, condition, rule, 1.62. (rel. to fīdō, trust)

    Lausus, ī, m.: an Etruscan chief, son of Mezentius, 7.649, et al.

    quis, qua or quae, quid or quod: (indef. pron., adj., and subst.), any, some, 2.94, et al.; some one, any one, any body, anything, something, 1.413, et al.; sī quis, nē quis, etc., if any, lest any, etc., freq.; (adv.), quid, as to anything, in anything, at all, freq.; sī quid, if at all, freq.

    venia, ae, f.: favor, 4.50; mercy, kindness, 4.435; forbearance, indulgence, concession, 10.626; grace, favor, 11.101; relief, help, 1.519.

    acerbus, a, um: harsh, bitter, in taste; (fig.), cruel, fierce, 5.462; fatal, direful, sorrowful, sad, mournful, 5.49; 6.429; pl., acerba, ōrum, n., vengeful deeds, 12.500; (adv.), acerba, harshly, savagely, fiercely, 9.794.

    meī, m. pl.: my kindred, friends, countrymen, descendants, etc., 2.587, et al.; mea, ōrum, n., my possessions, enjoyments, 12.882. (mē)

    circumstō, stetī, 1, a. and n.: to stand around; hem in; threaten, beset, 10.905; encompass, threaten, 2.559.

    cōnsors, sortis: (adj.), having a common lot; participating, a companion, 10.906.

    concēdō, essī, essus, 3, a. and n.: to retire; come away, come, 2.523; go away, depart, 2.91; subside, come to an end, terminate, 8.41; allow, yield, grant, concede, 5.798; give up to, abandon, 7.305.

    iugulum, ī, n.: the joining part; the throat, 10.415, et al. (rel. to iungō)

    īnscius, a, um: not knowing; unaware, unwitting, ignorant, 1.718; amazed, bewildered, 2.307; w. gen., ignorant of, 12.648.

    undō, āvī, ātus, 1, n.: to rise in waves; of flame, smoke, dust, etc., surge, 2.609; overflow, stream forth, burst forth, gush, 10.908; boil, seethe, 6.218; of lines or reins, hang free, flow, 5.146. (unda)

    diffundō, fūdī, fūsus, 3, a.: to pour round about, pour out, 10.908; diffuse; spread, multiply, 7.708; to put in disorder, dishevel, 1.319; spread abroad, 4.195.

    cruor, ōris, m.: shed blood; gore, 3.43; 4.455; blood.

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    Suggested Citation

    Christopher Francese and Meghan Reedy, Vergil: Aeneid Selections. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-947822-08-5. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/it/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-x-873-908