ὁρμαίνω, impf. ὥρμαινε: to ponder, consider
οἱ (enclitic, dat. 3rd pers. pron.): (to) him, (to) her
σχεδόν: close, near
Ἀχιλλεύς -έως or -ῆος ὁ: Achilles, son of Peleus and Thetis, leader of the Myrmidons and Hellenes in Thessaly, the mightiest warrior before Troy, and the principal hero of the Iliad.
Ἐνυάλιος: Enyalius, a name of Ares
κορυθάιξ: helmet-shaking
πολεμιστής: a warrior, fighter
σείω: to shake, brandish
Πηλιάς: of mount Pelion, Pelian
μελίη: ash, ashen spear
δεξιός –ά –όν: right
ὦμος ὤμου ὁ: shoulder (with the upper arm)
χαλκός –οῦ ὁ: bronze
λάμπω: to give light, shine, beam, be bright, brilliant, radiant
εἴκελος: like
αὐγή: bright light, radiance, beam
αἴθω: to light up, kindle; (mid., pass.) to blaze, be consumed, be inflamed135
ἄνειμι, pres. partic. ἀνιόντα: to come back, return
νοέω, aor. ἐνόησε: to perceive, observe, look, devise, plan
τρόμος: a trembling, quaking, quivering
ἄρα, ῥά (enclit.), ἄρ, ῥ᾿: so, then, as you know, you know, it seems. Very often it marks an action as natural, or reminds of something recently said. It also marks transitions.
τλῆναι: to bear, endure, dare
αὖθι: on the spot, here, there, immediately, at once
ὀπίσω or ὀπίσσω: backwards, in the future
πύλη –ης ἡ: one wing of a pair of double gates; (pl.) gate
Πηλεΐδης: son of Peleus
ἐπορούω, aor. ἐπόρουσε: to rush against, leap toward, spring at
κραιπνός: swift
ἠύτε: as, like as
κίρκος: hawk
ὄρος ὄρεος τό: mountain, hill
ἐλαφρός: light, agile, quick
πετεηνός: winged
οἰμάω, aor. οἴμησε(ν): to swoop, rush on140
τρήρων: timid
πέλεια: wild-pigeon, dove
ὕπαιθα: adv. away from beneath; before
ἐγγύθεν: from near, nearby
λάσκω: to sound, crackle; perf. partic. λεληκώς (w. ὀξύ), with a shrill cry
ταρφέες: frequent; ταρφέα adv. often, again and again
ἐπαΐσσω, aor. partic. ἐπαΐξας, aor. iterat. ἐπαΐξασκε: to rush upon, rush after, dash
ἄνωγα (perf. as pres.), impf. ἄνωγον, plpf. as impf. ἠνώγει or ἀνώγειν: to command, order, bid
ἐμμεμαώς: in eager haste
ἰθύς: straight, direct
πέτομαι, 2nd aor. ἔπτατο, aor. partic. πταμένη: to fly, speed on
τρέω, aor. τρέσε, ἔτρεσαν: to flee
Τρῶες: Trojans
λαιψηρός: nimble, swift
γόνυ, gen. γόνατος or γούνατος: knee
νωμάω, impf. (ἐ)νώμα, aor. νώμησαν: to distribute; to direct this way and that, wield, move, ply
σκοπιή: look-out place, watch tower145
ἐρινεός: the wild fig-tree
ἠνεμόεις: windy, wind-swept
ἀμαξιτός: traversed by wagons; ἀμαξιτόν, wagon-road
σεύω, aor. ἔσσευα, σεῦε or σεύατο, perf. ἔσσυμαι, ἐσσύμενον, plpf. as aor. ἔσσυτο: to drive, pursue, start; (pass.) hasten, hurry, rush
κρουνός: a spring
ἱκάνω: to come, arrive
καλλίρροος: beautiful-flowing
πηγή: spring, source
δοιοί: two
ἀναΐσσω, aor. opt. ἀναΐξειεν, aor. partic. ἀναΐξας: to dart, spring, leap up
Σκάμανδρος: the Scamander
δινήεις: eddying
λιαρός: warm
ῥέω, impf. ἔρρεεν or ῥέεν: to flow
καπνός: smoke, steam
θέρος –εος τό: summer, summertime151
προρέω: to flow forth
χάλαζα: hail
χιών: snow
ψυχρός –ά –όν: cold
κρύσταλλος: ice
πλυνός: a trough, tank, washing pit
εὐρύς –εῖα –ύ: wide, broad
ἐγγύς: near, nigh, at hand
λάϊνος: of stone
ὅθι: where, there; poet. for οὗ
εἷμα –ατος τό: a garment, clothing
σιγαλόεις: gleaming
πλύνω, iterat. impf. πλύνεσκον: to wash, clean155
ἄλοχος -ου ἡ: wife
Ἀχαιός: Achaian
τῇ: there
παρατρέχω, 2nd aor. παραδραμέτην: to run past
ὄπισθε: from behind, behind, afterward, hereafter
πρόσθεν: before, in front
ἐσθλός –ή –όν: good, decent, honorable, noble, generous; capable, able; (of things) good, useful; (of words) wise, sensible
μιν: him, her, it
καρπάλιμος: swift, nimble
ἱερήιρον –ου τό: a victim for sacrifice
βοείη: an ox-hide
ἄρνυμαι, aor. opt. ἄροιο: to strive to win, gain160
ἄεθλον –ου τό: the prize of a contest
θέω θεύσομαι: to run
ἱππόδαμος -ον: tamer of horses, epithet of heroes
ἀθλοφόρος or ἀεθλοφόρος –ον: prize-winning
τέρμα –ατος τό: goal, around which horses turn in a race
μῶνυξ: solid-footed, epithet of horses
ῥίμφα: swiftly, fleetly
τρωχάω: to run, gallop
τρίπους or τρίπος τρίποδος ὁ: a tripod
καταθνῄσκω, 2nd aor. κάτθανε, perf. κατατεθνήκασιν: to die
τρίς: thrice, three times165
Πρίαμος: Priam, son of Laomedon. King of Troy.
δινεύω, impf. ἐδίνευον: to whirl
μῦθος –ου ὁ: word, utterance, saying, proposition, plan, thought, injunction
πόποι: alas!
φίλος –η –ον: friend; loved, beloved, dear
ὀλοφύρομαι: to lament, pity (+gen)
ἦτορ -ορος τό: the heart
μηρία τά: thigh-pieces, pieces of flesh which, wrapped in fat, were burnt as a sacrifice to the gods170
καίω καύσω ἔκαυσα κέκαυκα κέκαυμαι ἐκαύθην: to light, kindle, burn
Ἴδη: Ida, a mountain range extending from Phrygia through Mysia into the Troad. One of its peaks is "topmost Gargarus."
κορυφή: crown, top, peak of a mountain
πολύπτυχος: with many folds; (mountains) with many valleys
ἄλλοτε: at another time, at other times
αὖτε: again, on the other hand, however, but
ἄκρος –α –ον: uttermost, topmost, highest, at the top, end, edge, or surface of; πόλις ἄκρη, ἄκρη πόλις, 'upper city' (=ἀκρόπολις)
δῖος –α –ον: divine, noble, illustrious; marvelous, magnificent
ἄστυ ἄστεος τό: a city, town
ἄγε: come! come on! well!
μητιάω: to meditate, deliberate, debate
Πηλεύς gen. –ῆος and έος : Peleus, king of the Myrmidons. He was the son of Aeacus, husband of Thetis, and father of Achilles.176
δαμάζω: to overpower, tame, conquer, subdue