Haec ubi dicta dedit rapidusque in tecta recessit,

poscit equos gaudetque tuens ante ora frementis,

Pilumno quos ipsa decus dedit Orithyia,

qui candore niues anteirent, cursibus auras.

circumstant properi aurigae manibusque lacessunt85

pectora plausa cauis et colla comantia pectunt.

ipse dehinc auro squalentem alboque orichalco

circumdat loricam umeris, simul aptat habendo

ensemque clipeumque et rubrae cornua cristae,

ensem quem Dauno ignipotens deus ipse parenti90

fecerat et Stygia candentem tinxerat unda.

exim quae mediis ingenti adnixa columnae

aedibus astabat, ualidam ui corripit hastam,

Actoris Aurunci spolium, quassatque trementem

uociferans: 'nunc, o numquam frustrata uocatus95

hasta meos, nunc tempus adest: te maximus Actor,

te Turni nunc dextra gerit; da sternere corpus

loricamque manu ualida lacerare reuulsam

semiuiri Phrygis et foedare in puluere crinis

uibratos calido ferro murraque madentis.'100

his agitur furiis, totoque ardentis ab ore

scintillae absistunt, oculis micat acribus ignis,

mugitus ueluti cum prima in proelia taurus

terrificos ciet aut irasci in cornua temptat

arboris obnixus trunco, uentosque lacessit105

ictibus aut sparsa ad pugnam proludit harena.

    CORE VOCABULARY

    dictum, ī, n.: a thing said; word, 1.197; command, precept, injunction, 1.695; promise, 8.643. (dīcō)

    rapidus, a, um: adj. (rapiō), that tears away; violent, fierce; swiftly moving, rapid, 1.42; speedy, quick, prompt, 5.513.

    recēdō, cessī, cessus, 3, n.: to go back, retire, withdraw, 12.129; recede, retreat, 2.633; stand apart, retire, 2.300; depart, 2.595; disappear, 3.72; vanish, 5.526.

    tueor, tuitus or tūtus sum, 2, dep. a.: to look at, gaze upon, behold, regard, 4.451, et al.; watch, guard, defend, maintain, protect, 1.564, et al.; p., tūtus, a, um, secure, safe; in safety, 1.243; sure, 4.373; subst., tūtum, ī, n., safety, place of safety, 1.391; pl., tūta, ōrum, safe places, safety, security, 11.882; adv., tūtō, with safety, safely, without danger, 11.381.

    fremō, uī, itus, 3, n. and a.: to make a murmuring noise; to roar, 1.56; whinny, neigh, 12.82; raise lamentations, 6.175; whiz, 12.922; resound, 4.668; rage, 5.19; to be fierce, furious, 4.229; fume, rave, 12.535; shout and sing, 4.146; a., rage, rave for, clamor for, 11.453, et al.; ore fremere, applaud, shout applause, 5.385; p., fremēns, entis, raging, 4.229.

    Pīlumnus, ī, m.: a Latin deity, ancestor of Turnus, 10.619, et al.

    Ōrīthyīa (quadrisyll.), ae, f.: daughter of Erectheus, king of Athens, and wife of Boreas.

    candor, ōris, m.: shining, brilliant whiteness; whiteness, 3.538. (candeō)

    nix, nivis, f.: snow, 4.250.

    anteeō, īvī or iī, īre, irreg. n. and a.: to go before; surpass, 12.84.

    circumstō, stetī, 1, a. and n.: to stand around; hem in; threaten, beset, 10.905; encompass, threaten, 2.559.

    properus, a, um: (adj.), forward; prompt, active, 12.85; (adv.), properē, hastily, in haste, speedily, 6.236.

    aurīga, ae, m.: a charioteer, 5.146; a groom, 12.85.

    manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.

    lacessō, cessīvī, cessītus, 3, intens. a.: to provoke, rouse, irritate, incite, 5.429; call forth, summon, rouse, 10.10; challenge, attack, assail, 11.585; strike, smite, 7.527; slap with the hand, caress, cheer, 12.85.

    plaudō, plausī, plausus, 3, a. and n.: to beat, slap, stroke, 12.86; clap, flutter, 5.516; of the dance, perform by beating, beat, 6.644.

    cavus, a, um: (adj.), hollow, 1.81; concave, 8.599; arching, vaulted, 2.487; cavae manūs, the palms of the hands, 12.86.

    collum, ī, n.: the neck of men and animals, 1.654, et al.; of a plant, 9.436; pl., the neck, 11.692.

    comāns, antis: hairy, 3.468; crested, 2.391; leafy, 12.413. (como -are)

    pectō, pexī, pexus, 3, a.: to comb, 12.86.

    dehinc (often monosyll.): (adv.), from this place; from this time; thereupon, then, 1.131.

    squāleō, uī, 2, n.: to be rough, foul, neglected, waste; p., squālēns, entis, foul, filthy, neglected, squalid, 2.277; of armor, scaly, covered with work of scales, embossed, 10.314.

    orichalcum, ī, n.: mountain copper; brass, 12.87.

    circumdō, dedī, datus, dare, 1, a.: to put or throw around; (with abl.), to encircle, surround, encompass, inclose with, 1.368; of dress, gird, 9.462; adorn, 6.207; set, 1.593; border, 4.137; (with dat.), throw around, 2.792; twine or coil around, 2.219; put round, 2.510.

    lōrīca, ae, f.: a leather corselet; a corselet of any material; a hauberk, cuirass, coat of mail, 3.467; 10.485, et al. (lōrum)

    umerus, ī, m.: the upper bone of the arm; the shoulder, 1.501, and freq.

    aptō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to fit, join, or fasten to; with acc. and dat., 8.721; put on, 2.390; get ready, prepare, 10.259; fit out, prepare, 1.552; with abl. of manner, 8.80. (aptus)

    ēnsis, is, m.: a sword, 2.393, et al.; knife, 2.155.

    clipeus, ī, m., and clipeum, ī, n.: a round shield; a shield, 2.227, et al.

    ruber, bra, brum: adj. (rubeō), red, ruddy, 12.247; lītore rubrō, shore of the Mare Rubrum or Persian Gulf, 8.686.

    crista, ae, f.: a crest, plume, 3.468; helmet, 7.185.

    Daunus, ī, m.: a mythic king of part of Apulia, father-in-law of Diomedes, and father of Turnus, 10.616.

    īgnipotēns, entis: adj. (īgnis and potēns), having power over fire; subst., Īgnipotēns, the fire-god, Vulcan, 10.243.

    Stygius, a, um: adj. (Styx), pertaining to the Styx; of Hades; Stygian, 4.638, et al.

    candeō, uī, 2, n.: to be of pure whiteness; p., candēns, entis, white, 4.61; at white heat; glowing, 3.573; 12.91.

    tingō, tīnxī, tīnctus, 3, a.: to wet; moisten, 3.665; wash, dip, bathe, 1.745; imbrue, 12.358.

    exinde (abbrev. exin): (adv.), from that place; thence, of place; of time, thereafter; thereupon, then, 6.743, et al.

    adnītor, nīsus or nīxus sum, 3, dep. n.: to press upon; (with dat.), lean against, 12.92; lean, rest upon, 4.690; alone, make effort, strive, 5.226; ply the oars, 4.583.

    columna, ae, f.: a column, pillar, 1.428; Proteī columnae, the pillars of Proteus; the northern extremities of Egypt, 11.262.

    adstō, stitī, 1, n.: to stand at, near, or upon; alight, 1.301; stand, 9.677; be present, 3.150; stand or be ready, 3.123; impend, 3.194.

    corripiō, ripuī, reptus, 3, a.: to take completely or eagerly; to grasp, snatch, seize, catch, 1.45; hurry away, 1.100; tear away; hasten on, take, 1.418; raise quickly, rouse, 4.572; sē corripere, to hasten away, 6.472. (com- and rapiō)

    hasta, ae, f.: a spear, 2.50, and freq.; hasta pūra, a headless spear, 6.760; pampinea hasta, a thyrsus, 7.396.

    Actor, oris, m.: 1. The name of a Trojan, 9.500. 2. The name of an Auruncian, 12.94.

    Auruncus, a, um: adj. (Aurunca), Auruncan, of Aurunca, an ancient town of Campania, 12.94.

    spolium, I, n.: that which is taken from the body of a slain man or beast; spoil, trophy, 1.289; spolia opīma, the arms or spoils taken by a victorious general from the body of a hostile commander slain in battle, 6.855.

    quassō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. a. and n.: to shake violently; shatter, 1.551; 4.53; shake, 5.855; brandish, 9.521. (quatiō)

    tremō, uī, 3, n. and a.: to tremble, quake, shake, quiver, 5.198; tremble at, fear, dread, 8.296.

    vōciferor, ātus sum, 1, dep. n. and a.: to raise the voice; cry out, exclaim; utter with loud cries, 2.679. (vōx and ferō)

    ō: (interj. expressing joy, grief, astonishment, desire, or indignation), O! oh! ah! w. voc., 2.281, et al.; w. sī and the subj., oh that, 11.415; sometimes placed after the word to which it relates, 2.281.

    frūstror, ātus sum, 1, dep. a.: to render vain; frustrate, baffle, disappoint, 6.493. (frūstrā)

    vocātus, ūs, m.: a calling; summons; pl., a call, 12.95. (vocō)

    tempus, oris, n.: 1. Time in general, a period, time, 1.278; interval or space of time, 4.433; crisis, circumstance, juncture, 7.37; season, fitting time, opportunity, proper moment, 4.294; ex longō (tempore), in or for a long time, 9.64. 2. The temple of the forehead, 9.418; commonly pl., 2.684; of animals, 12.173.

    adsum, adfuī, esse, irreg. n.: to be near or by; to be present, at hand, or here, 1.595; to have arrived, 2.132; to be with, attend, 2.701; aid, accompany, 10.547; be propitious, 3.116; to beset, 2.330; inf., adfore, to be about to come, destined to come, 7.270. (imp. subj., adforem, -ēs, -et, -ent)

    Turnus, ī, m.: the chief of the Rutulians, 7.56, et al.

    sternō, strāvī, strātus, 3, a.: to spread out, spread, 1.700; stretch on the ground, strike down, slay, 1.190; cast down, prostrate, devastate, 2.306; make level, smooth, calm, 5.763; spread, cover, 8.719; strew, litter; overthrow, conquer, 6.858; pass. (in middle sense), sternor, ī, to stretch one's self, lie down, 3.509.

    lacerō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to tear, mutilate; wound, 3.41; rend, 12.98. (lacer)

    revellō, vellī, vulsus, 3, a.: to pull back; pluck out, tear out or off, 4.515; rend, rip, tear open, 12.98; snatch, bring away, rescue, 4.545; disturb, violate, 4.427.

    sēmivir, virī, adj., m.: half man, effeminate, unmanly, 4.215.

    Phryx, ygis: Phrygian; of the inhabitants of Phrygia, which originally included the Troad; hence, also, Trojans, 1.468, et al.; sing., Phryx, ygis, m., a Phrygian or Trojan, 12.99.

    foedō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to make foul; defile, pollute, 3.227; (fig.), disfigure, mutilate, 2.286; lacerate, wound, 12.871; break, tear in pieces, destroy, 2.55. (foedus)

    pulvis, eris, m., rarely f.: dust, 2.273; soil, ground, earth; dusty plain, 7.163.

    crīnis, is, m.: the hair, 1.480; train of meteors, 5.528; (often in the pl.), the hairs of the head, the hair.

    vibrō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: a., to cause to move tremulously; to dart, flash, 8.524; to move to and fro, brandish, 11.606; curl, 12.100; n., vibrate, 2.211; quiver, 10.484; glitter, flash, 9.769.

    calidus, a, um: adj. (caleō), warm, hot, 6.218; reeking, 10.486; of the spirit or disposition, hot, fiery.

    murra, ae, f.: the myrrh tree; gum of the myrrh tree; myrrh, 12.100.

    madeō, 2, n.: to be moist, wet; drenched, 12.691; p., madēns, entis, wet, moist; besmeared, perfumed, 4.216.

    furiae, ārum, f.: rage, fury, madness, frenzy, 1.41, et al.; vengeance, 8.494; personif., Furiae, ārum, the goddesses of vengeance, the Furies, Allecto, Megaera, and Tisiphone; the Avengers, 3.331; for the Harpies, 3.252. (furō)

    ārdēns, entis: burning, hot, sparkling, flaming, 5.637; bright, 4.482; impassioned, ardent, eager, 1.423; spirited, fiery, 1.472; glowing, lofty, 6.130; fierce, furious, 2.529; angry, 6.467. (ardeo)

    scintilla, ae, f.: a spark, 1.174.

    absistō, abstitī, 3, n.: to stand off or away from, followed by the abl., alone or with prep.; withdraw from, 6.259; fly, dart from, 12.102; (with infin.), desist, cease, 6.399; (alone), stop, cease, 1.192.

    micō, micuī, 1, n.: to vibrate, dart, 2.475; flash, glitter, gleam, 1.90; tremble, quiver, 10.396.

    mūgītus, ūs, m.: a lowing; bellowing, 2.223. (mūgiō)

    taurus, ī, m.: a bull, steer, ox, bullock, 2.202, et al.

    terrificus, a, um: adj. (terreō and faciō), causing terror; dread-inspiring, alarming, terrifying, dreadful, dread, 5.524.

    cieō, cīvī, citus, 2, a.: to cause, to move; stir, 2.419; agitate, move, 4.122; excite, kindle, rouse, 6.165; raise, 12.104; call upon, invoke, 3.68; call up, exhibit, 5.585; of tears, shed, 6.468.

    obnītor, nīxus or nīsus sum, 3, dep. n.: to press, push against, w. dat., 12.105; without an object, push, 4.406; struggle, resist, 4.332; bear up, 5.21; strive, strike against, 5.206.

    truncus, ī, m.: the stem, stock, or trunk of a tree; stem, trunk, 6.207; trunk of the human body, 2.557.

    spargō, sparsī, sparsus, 3, a.: to scatter, strew; cast in fragments, 3.605; disperse, 1.602; shower, hurl, 12.51; sprinkle, 4.512; besprinkle, bedew, stain, 8.645; infuse, 4.486; (fig.), spread abroad, disseminate, 2.98; bring over or upon, diffuse, 7.754.

    prōlūdō, lūsī, lūsus, 3, n.: to play or practice beforehand; prepare for, 12.106.

    harēna, ae, f.: sand, 1.112; sandy shore, strand, 1.540; sandy ground, arena; space for races; an arena, 5.336.

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    Suggested Citation

    Christopher Francese and Meghan Reedy, Vergil: Aeneid Selections. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-947822-08-5. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/zh-hans/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-xii-81-106