Nec Turnum sēgnis retinet mora, sed rapit ācer

tōtam aciem in Teucrōs et contrā in lītore sistit.

Sīgna canunt. Prīmus turmās invāsit agrestīs310

Aenēās, ōmen pūgnae, strāvitque Latīnōs

occīsō Thērōne, virum quī māximus ultrō

Aenēān petit. huic gladiō perque aerea sūta,

per tunicam squālentem aurō latus haurit apertum.

Inde Lichān ferit exsectum iam mātre perēmptā315

et tibi, Phoebe, sacrum: cāsūs ēvādere ferrī

quō licuit parvō? Nec longē Cissea dūrum

immānemque Gyān sternentīs agmina clāvā

dēiēcit lētō; nihil illōs Herculis arma

nec validae iūvēre manūs genitorque Melampūs,320

Alcīdae comes ūsque gravīs dum terra labōrēs

praebuit. Ecce Pharō, vōcēs dum iactat inertīs,

intorquēns iaculum clāmantī sistit in ōre.

Tū quoque, flāventem prīmā lānūgine mālās

dum sequeris Clytium īnfēlīx, nova gaudia, Cȳdōn,325

Dardaniā strātus dextrā, sēcūrus amōrum

quī iuvenum tibi semper erant, miserande iacērēs,

nī frātrum stīpāta cohors foret obvia, Phorcī

prōgeniēs, septem numerō, septēnaque tēla

cōniciunt; partim galeā clipeōque resultant330

inrita, dēflexit partim stringentia corpus

alma Venus. Fīdum Aenēās adfātur Achātēn:

'Suggere tēla mihī, nōn ūllum dextera frūstrā

torserit in Rutulōs, steterunt quae in corpore Grāium

Īliacīs campīs.' Tum māgnam corripit hastam335

et iacit: illa volāns clipeī trānsverberat aera

Maeonis et thōrāca simul cum pectore rumpit.

Huic frāter subit Alcānor frātremque ruentem

sustentat dextrā: trāiectō missa lacertō

prōtinus hasta fugit servatque cruenta tenōrem,340

dexteraque ex umerō nervīs moribunda pependit.

Tum Numitor iaculō frātris dē corpore raptō

Aenēān petiit: sed nōn et fīgere contrā

est licitum, māgnīque femur perstrinxit Achātae.

    CORE VOCABULARY

    nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.

    Turnus, ī, m.: the chief of the Rutulians, 7.56, et al.

    sēgnis, e: (adj.), tardy, sluggish, dilatory, backward, 11.736; slothful, inactive, 3.513; mean-spirited, cowardly, 9.787; helpless, 10.700; (fig.), idle, exhausted; comp., sēgnior, less glorious, less divine, 4.149; less rapid, 7.383.

    Teucrī, ōrum, m.: the Trojans, descendants of Teucer, 1.38, et al.; adj., Teucrian, Trojan, 9.779, et al. (Teucer)

    contrā: (prep. and adv.; prep. w. acc.), over against; opposite to, 1.13; against, 5.370; to, 9.280; on the contrary, 12.779; on the other hand, in reply, 1.76.

    sistō, stitī, status, 3, a. and n.: to cause to stand, put, set, place, w. abl. of place, 2.245, et al.; place before one, bring, 4.634; fix, plant, 10.323; stop, 12.355; arrest, stay, 6.465; support, sustain, maintain, 6.858; set, place, 6.676; n., stand still, to stop, remain, abide, 3.7; stand in fight, 11.873.

    turma, ae, f.: a squadron or troop, properly of Roman cavalry; in general, a troop, squadron, 5.560; host, army, 11.503; in turmās, into or in squadrons, 11.599.

    invādō, vāsī, vāsus, 3, a. and n.: to go into; enter, 3.382; enter upon, 6.260; invade, violate, 6.623; rush into, 12.712; attack, assail, 2.414; address, accost, 4.265; undertake, adventure, 9.186.

    agrestis, e: adj. (ager), pertaining to the fields or country; country-, rustic, rural, 3.34; wild, 7.111; subst., agrestis, is, m., a rustic, 7.504; husbandman.

    Aenēās, ae, m.: 1. A Trojan chief, son of Venus and Anchises, and hero of the Aeneid, 1.92. 2. Aenēās Silvius, one of the Alban kings, 6.769.

    ōmen, inis, n.: a prognostic, token, sign, omen, 2.182; (meton.), evil, 2.190; auspicious beginning, 7.174; pl., auspices; rites, 1.346; in ōmen, as or for a warning, 12.854.

    sternō, strāvī, strātus, 3, a.: to spread out, spread, 1.700; stretch on the ground, strike down, slay, 1.190; cast down, prostrate, devastate, 2.306; make level, smooth, calm, 5.763; spread, cover, 8.719; strew, litter; overthrow, conquer, 6.858; pass. (in middle sense), sternor, ī, to stretch one's self, lie down, 3.509.

    Latīnī, ōrum, m.: the people of Latium; the Latins, 12.823, et al.

    Thērōn, ōnis, m.: a Latin warrior slain by Aeneas, 10.312.

    ultrō: (adv.), to the farther side; furthermore, over and above, moreover, 2.145, et al.; even, 9.127; beyond the limit of necessity; uncompelled, unasked, unimpelled; apart from all external influences, of one's self, of one's own accord or motion, voluntarily, willingly; unprompted by any words on another's part, first, 2.372; 4.304; unaddressed, 10.606; promptly, 10.282; impetuously, 12.3. (cf. ulterior)

    aereus, a, um: adj. (aes), made of copper or bronze; bronze, brazen (see def. of aes), 1.448; brazen beaked, 5.198; of the copper or bronze plates or scales of a corselet, 10.313.

    suō, suī, sūtus, 3, a.: to sew or stitch; fasten, form compactly; p., sūtus, a, um; p. subst., sūtum, ī, n., texture, plate, or scale of a coat of mail, 10.313.

    tunica, ae, f.: the under-garment of men and women; vest, tunic, 9.616; cuirass, corselet, 10.314.

    squāleō, uī, 2, n.: to be rough, foul, neglected, waste; p., squālēns, entis, foul, filthy, neglected, squalid, 2.277; of armor, scaly, covered with work of scales, embossed, 10.314.

    hauriō, hausī, haustus, 4, a.: to draw any fluid, 9.23; drink; drain, 1.738; draw blood with a weapon; devour, slay, 2.600; pierce, 10.314; take in with the eyes or ears; receive, 12.26; perceive, see, 4.661; hear, 4.359; strain, thrill, 5.137; suffer, 4.383; conceive, 10.648.

    aperiō, uī, tus, 4, a.: to uncover, lay bare, 1.107; throw open, open, 2.60; disclose to the view, 3.206; disclose, reveal, 6.12; (pass.), aperīrī, to appear, 8.681; p., apertus, a, um, opened, 8.585; unguarded, 11.748; adj., open, 1.155; clear, pure, 1.587. (ab and root par, whence pariō)

    Lichās, ae, m.: a Latin slain by Aeneas, 10.315.

    feriō, 4, a.: to smite or strike, 1.103; cut, 4.580; pierce, 12.304; slay, 10.315; strike or slay the covenant victim; hence, of a treaty, to make, 10.154.

    exsecō, uī, tus, 1, a.: to cut out, 10.315.

    perimō, ēmī, ēmptus, 3, a.: to take away completely; annihilate, destroy, 5.787; slay, kill, 6.163. (per and emō)

    Phoebus, ī, m.: Phoebus or Apollo, 1.329, et al.

    ēvādō, vāsī, vāsus, 3, n. and a.: to go out, forth, or up; ascend, 2.458; come in flight, 2.531; come forth from, w. the idea of danger surmounted; (w. acc.), to escape the dangers of, 2.731; escape, 5.689; 6.425; w. dat., 11.702; 9.99.

    Cisseus (dissyll.), eī, m.: 1. Cisseus, a king of Thrace, said by a late myth to have been the father of Hecuba, 5.537. 2. A Rutulian, 10.317.

    immānis, e: (adj.), vast, huge, immense, 1.110; wild, savage, barbarous, 1.616; cruel, ruthless, 1.347; unnatural, monstrous, hideous, 6.624; (adv.), immāne, wildly, fiercely, 12.535.

    Gyās, ae, m.: 1. Gyas, commander of one of the ships of Aeneas, 1.222. 2. A Latin slain by Aeneas, 10.318.

    clāva, ae, f.: a club, 10.318.

    dēiciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to cast down, 6.581; strike down, slay, 11.642; drive down, 4.152; shoot or bring down, 5.542; deprive of, 3.317; dēicere vultum, to cast down the eyes, 3.320; (pass.), dēicī, to be disheartened, dismayed, 10.858. (dē and iaciō)

    lētum, ī, n.: death, destruction, 2.134, et al. (cf. dēleō)

    Herculēs, is, m.: the god of strength and labor, son of Jupiter and Alcmena, 5.410, et al.

    manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.

    genitor, ōris, m.: he who begets; father, sire, 1.155, et al. (gignō)

    Melampus, odis, m.: a companion of Hercules, 10.320.

    Alcīdēs, ae., m.: a descendant of Alceus; Hercules, 5.414, et al.

    Pharus, ī, and Pharō, ōnis, m.: a Rutulian, 10.322.

    iactō, āvī, ātus, 1, freq. a.: to throw often or much; toss to and fro; toss, freq.; hurl, cast, 2.459; thrust out, 5.376; aim, 5.433; (fig.), throw out words, utter, say, 1.102; of the mind, revolve, meditate, 1.227; sē iactāre, boast, exalt one's self, rejoice, glory, 1.140; prae sē iactāre, to make pretense of, 9.134; p., iactāns, antis, arrogant, assuming, ambitious, 6.815. (iaciō)

    iners, inertis: without ability; without force; inactive, inanimate, indolent; feeble, timid, 9.730; helpless, lifeless, 2.364; of the voice, weak, 10.322.

    intorqueō, torsī, tortus, 2, a.: to turn or hurl toward, or against, 2.231; shoot, dart, 9.534.

    iaculum, ī, n.: a thing hurled; a spear, dart, or javelin, 3.46, et al. (iaciō)

    clāmō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to call, 12.600; call; call upon, 4.674; cry out or aloud, shout, 9.442. (rel. to καλέω, call)

    flāveō, no perf. nor sup., 2, n.: to be yellow; p., flāvēns, entis, growing yellow, 10.324; p., yellow, golden, 4.590. (flāvus)

    lānūgo, inis, f.: wooly substance, down.

    māla, ae, f.: the cheek bone, jaw, 5.436; pl., mālae, cheeks, 9.751; teeth, 3.257.

    Clytius, iī, m.: the name of several Trojans, 9.774; 10.129, etc.

    īnfēlīx, īcis: (adj.), unlucky; unfortunate, luckless, unhappy, 1.475, et al.; sad, miserable, 2.772; of ill omen, ill-starred, ill-boding, fatal, 2.245; unfruitful.

    Cydōn, ōnis, m.: 1. A Cydonian or Cretan; of Cydonia, on the north coast of Crete, 12.858. 2. A Trojan warrior, 10.325.

    Dardanius, a, um: adj. (Dardanus), Dardanian, Trojan, 5.711; subst., Dardanius, iī, m., the Dardanian; the Trojan, 12.14.

    miserandus, a, um: to be pitied, 11.259; p., unhappy, 6.882; wretched, 3.591; deplorable, direful, 3.138. (miseror)

    stīpātus, a, um: pressing on, charging together, 10.328; surrounded, 4.544. (stīpō)

    obvius, a, um: adj. (ob and via), in the way; presenting one's self or itself; meeting, 1.314; against, 6.880; opposing, 9.56; in the way of; exposed to, 3.499; obvius fierī, to encounter, meet, 10.380.

    Phorcus, ī, m.: a sea-god, son of Neptune or Pontus and Gaia, 5.240; a Latin patriarch, 10.328.

    prōgeniēs, ēī, f.: lineage, progeny, race, 1.19; offspring, 5.565; son, 7.97. (prōgignō)

    septem: (num. adj.), seven, freq.

    septēnī, ae, a: distrib. num. adj. (septem), seven by seven, seven each; as a cardinal, seven, 5.85.

    coniciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to throw together; pile up, 5.662; throw, cast, hurl, 2.545; turn, 12.483. (com- and iaciō)

    partim: (adv.), in part; partly, 10.330, et al. (pars)

    galea, ae, f.: a helmet, either of leather or of metal, 3.468, et al.

    clipeus, ī, m., and clipeum, ī, n.: a round shield; a shield, 2.227, et al.

    resultō, no perf., ātus, 1, intens. n.: to leap back or again, rebound, 10.330; reëcho, reverberate, resound, 5.150. (resiliō, leap back)

    inritus, a, um: baffled in calculation or purpose; ineffectual, unavailing; useless, vain, 2.459. (2. in- and ratus)

    dēflectō, flexī, flexus, 3, a.: to turn aside, 10.331.

    stringō, strīnxī, strīctus, 3, a.: to draw tight, bind; of a sword, draw out, draw, 2.334; graze, touch lightly, go near, 5.163; trim up, cut, 1.552; (fig.), touch the mind, 9.294.

    almus, a, um: adj. (alō), giving nourishment; fostering, genial, blessing, blessed, benign, 1.306; fruitful; gracious, kind, kindly, propitious, 7.774.

    Venus, eris, f.: Venus, goddess of love and beauty, identified by the Romans with Aphrodite, daughter of Jupiter and Dione, 1.411, et al.; (meton.), love, lust, 6.26.

    fīdus, a, um: adj. (fīdō), trustworthy, faithful, trusty, 1.188; safe, secure, hospitable, 5.24; w. gen., tuī fīdissima, most faithful to thee, 12.659.

    adfor, fātus sum, 1, dep. a.: to speak to; address, 1.663; beseech, supplicate, 2.700; bid adieu, farewell to, 2.644.

    Achātēs, ae, m.: Achates, a companion of Aeneas, 1.174, et al.

    suggerō, gessī, gestus, 3, a.: to bring or put under or up to; supply, reach, 10.333; place beneath, apply to, 7.463. (sub and gerō)

    torqueō, torsī, tortus, 2, a.: to wind, turn, twist, 4.575; roll along, 6.551; whirl, hurl, 3.208; shoot, 5.497; cast, dash, 1.108; direct, 4.220; turn away, 6.547; turn, cause to revolve, 4.269; control, 12.180; p., tortus, a, um, whirled, whirling, impetuous, 7.567.

    Rutulī, ōrum, m.: the Rutulians, an ancient tribe of Latium dwelling south of the Tiber, 1.266, et al.

    Grāī (Grāiī) (dissyll.), ōrum, m.: the Greeks, 1.467, et al.

    Īliacus, a, um: (adj.), belonging to Ilium; Ilian, Trojan, 1.97, et al.

    corripiō, ripuī, reptus, 3, a.: to take completely or eagerly; to grasp, snatch, seize, catch, 1.45; hurry away, 1.100; tear away; hasten on, take, 1.418; raise quickly, rouse, 4.572; sē corripere, to hasten away, 6.472. (com- and rapiō)

    hasta, ae, f.: a spear, 2.50, and freq.; hasta pūra, a headless spear, 6.760; pampinea hasta, a thyrsus, 7.396.

    volō, āvī, ātus, 1, n.: to fly, 1.300, et al.; of rumor, to be spread rapidly, noised or spread abroad, 3.121.

    trānsverberō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to beat or strike through; pierce through, 10.484.

    Maeōn, onis, m.: Maeon, a Rutulian, 10.337.

    thōrāx, ācis, acc. pl., -ācas, m.: a corselet, breastplate, cuirass, 7.633.

    subeō, iī, itus (p. subiēns, euntis), 4, n. and a.: to go or come under, into, or up to; alone, or with acc. and prep., or with dat.; without a case, come up, 2.216; go under, bend, stoop down under, 10.522; come after; follow, 2.725; take one's place, 12.471; enter, 1.171; come into or upon the mind, suggest itself, occur, 2.560; with acc. and prep., go, advance towards, 8.359; with dat., come or go up to, down to, into, 5.203; succeed to, 5.176; come after, follow, 10.371; with acc., approach, enter, 1.400; go under a burden, bear, with abl. of instrument, 2.708; go under the yoke, draw, 3.113; enter the mind of, strike, occur to, 9.757; approach, reach, 3.512; approach, 7.22; meet, encounter, 10.798; attack, 9.344.

    Alcānor, oris, m.: 1. Alcanor, a Trojan hero, 9.672. 2. A Rutulian, 10.338.

    ruō, ruī, rutus, 3, n. and a.: to fall with violence; tumble down, fall, freq.; fall in battle, 10.756; of the sun, go down, set, 3.508; rush forward, 2.64; of the chariot of Nox, hasten up; ascend, rise, 2.250; advance, 10.256; plunge, rush, 2.353; flee, 12.505; tremble, quake, 8.525; hasten, pass away, 6.539; cause to fall; cast down, 9.516; plow, 1.35; cast, throw up, 1.85; throw up or together, 11.211.

    sustentō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. a.: to uphold; hold up, support, sustain, 10.339; poise, 10.304; second, support, 11.224; maintain, 12.662; bear up against, withstand, 11.873. (sustineō)

    trāiciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a. and n.: to throw across, over; pass over, cross, 6.536; pierce, 2.273; transfix, 1.355; p., trāiectus, a, um, drawn or passed through, 5.488; transfixed, pierced, 9.419. (trāns and iaciō)

    lacertus, ī, m.: the upper arm, from the shoulder to the elbow; the arm, 5.141, et al.

    cruentus, a, um: (adj.), bloody, blood-stained, 1.296; covered with blood, 10.498.

    tenor, ōris, m.: a holding on; a continuous course; course. (teneō)

    umerus, ī, m.: the upper bone of the arm; the shoulder, 1.501, and freq.

    nervus, ī, m.: a nerve; sinew, tendon, 10.341; bow-string, 5.502; string of the lyre, 9.776.

    moribundus, a, um: adj. (morior), in a dying condition; ready to die, dying, 4.323; lifeless, 10.341; mortal, 6.732.

    pendeō, pependī, 2, n.: to hang, foll. by abl. alone or w. prep., 2.546, et al.; 5.511; be suspended, 1.106; cling, 9.562; bend, stoop forward, 5.147; (meton.), linger, delay, 6.151; listen, hang upon, 4.79.

    Numitor, ōris, m.: 1. Numitor, one of the kings of Alba, and father of Ilia or Rhea Silvia, 6.768. 2. A Rutulian warrior, 10.342.

    fīgō, fīxī, fīxus, 3, a.: to fix or fasten; freq., the object in or on which, in the abl., 1.212; abl. w. prep., 6.636; acc. w. prep., 9.408; fasten up, suspend from, 3.287; hang up, 1.248; set up, establish, make, 6.622; transfix, pierce, 5.516; hurl (fix by hurling), 10.883; wound, 10.343; inscribe, 11.84.

    femur, oris, and (from obsol. femen), feminis, n.: the thigh, 10.344; 788.

    perstringō, strīnxī, strīctus, 3, a.: to bind tightly; graze, 10.344.

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    Suggested Citation

    Christopher Francese and Meghan Reedy, Vergil: Aeneid Selections. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-947822-08-5. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/zh-hans/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-x-308-344