Ēgressī superant fossās noctisque per umbram

castra inimīca petunt, multīs tamen ante futūrī315

exitiō. Passim somnō vīnōque per herbam

corpora fūsa vident, arrēctōs lītore currūs,

inter lōra rotāsque virōs, simul arma iacēre,

vīna simul. Prior Hyrtacidēs sīc ōre locūtus:

'Euryale, audendum dextrā: nunc ipsa vocat rēs.320

Hāc iter est. Tū, nē qua manus sē attollere nōbīs

ā tergō possit, cūstōdī et cōnsule longē;

haec ego vāsta dabō et lātō tē līmite dūcam.'

Sīc memorat vōcemque premit, simul ēnse superbum

Rhamnētem adgreditur, quī forte tapētibus altīs325

exstrūctus tōtō prōflābat pectore somnum,

rēx īdem et rēgī Turnō grātissimus augur,

sed nōn auguriō potuit dēpellere pestem.

Trīs iūxtā famulōs temerē inter tēla iacentīs

armigerumque Remī premit aurīgamque sub ipsīs330

nactus equīs ferrōque secat pendentia colla.

tum caput ipsī aufert dominō truncumque relinquit

sanguine singultantem; ātrō tepefacta cruōre

terra torīque madent. Nec nōn Lamyrumque Lamumque

et iuvenem Serrānum, illā quī plūrima nocte335

lūserat, īnsīgnis faciē, multōque iacēbat

membra deō victus—fēlīx, sī prōtinus illum

aequāsset noctī lūdum in lūcemque tulisset:

impāstus ceu plēna leō per ovīlia turbāns

(suādet enim vēsāna famēs) manditque trahitque340

molle pecus mūtumque metū, fremit ōre cruentō.

Nec minor Euryalī caedēs; incēnsus et ipse

perfurit ac multam in mediō sine nōmine plēbem,

Fādumque Herbēsumque subit Rhoetumque Abarimque

ignārōs; Rhoetum vigilantem et cūncta videntem,345

sed māgnum metuēns sē post crātēra tegēbat.

pectore in adversō tōtum cui comminus ēnsem

condidit adsurgentī et multā morte recēpit.

purpuream vomit ille animam et cum sanguine mixta

vīna refert moriēns, hīc fūrtō fervidus īnstat.350

Iamque ad Messāpī sociōs tendēbat; ibi īgnem

dēficere extrēmum et religātōs rīte vidēbat

carpere grāmen equōs, breviter cum tālia Nīsus

(sēnsit enim nimiā caede atque cupīdine ferrī)

'Absistāmus' ait, 'nam lūx inimīca propinquat.355

Poenārum exhaustum satis est, via facta per hostīs.'

Multa virum solidō argentō perfecta relinquunt

armaque crātērāsque simul pulchrōsque tapētas.

Euryalus phalerās Rhamnētis et aurea bullīs

cingula, Tīburtī Remulō dītissimus ōlim360

quae mittit dōna, hospitiō cum iungeret absēns,

Caedicus; ille suō moriēns dat habēre nepōtī;

post mortem bellō Rutulī pūgnāque potītī:

haec rapit atque umerīs nēquīquam fortibus aptat.

tum galeam Messāpī habilem cristīsque decōram365

induit. Excēdunt castrīs et tūta capessunt.

    CORE VOCABULARY

    fossa, ae, f.: a ditch, trench, 7.157. (fodiō)

    exitium, iī, n.: a going out; death; hardship, 7.129; destruction, downfall, ruin, 2.131. (exeō)

    passim: (adv.), here and there, in all directions; everywhere, 2.364, et al. (passus)

    herba, ae, f.: any grassy or herbaceous growth; grass, turf, 1.214, et al; fodder; herb, plant, 3.650; grassy land, pasture, meadow, 3.221; a plant.

    arrigō, rēxī, rēctus, 3, a.: to raise up; erect; bristle up, 10.726; (fig.), to excite, rouse; p., arrēctus, a, um, standing up, rising; erect, 5.426; bristling, 11.754; attentive, 1.152; animated, roused, encouraged, 1.579; ardent, intent; intense, 5.138; in fearful expectation, 12.731. (ad and regō)

    lōrum, ī, n.: a leather strap or thong, 2.273; pl., lōra, ōrum, reins, 1.156, et al.; harness, 9.318.

    rota, ae, f.: a wheel, 1.147; (fig.), circle or orbit of time, 6.748.

    Hyrtacidēs, ae, m.: the son of Hyrtacus. 1. Hippocoön, 5.492. 2. Nisus, 9.177.

    Euryalus, ī, m.: a Trojan youth among the followers of Aeneas, 5.294.

    hāc: (adv.), by this way or route, 8.203; this way, here, 1.467; on one side, 12.565.

    quis, qua or quae, quid or quod: (indef. pron., adj., and subst.), any, some, 2.94, et al.; some one, any one, any body, anything, something, 1.413, et al.; sī quis, nē quis, etc., if any, lest any, etc., freq.; (adv.), quid, as to anything, in anything, at all, freq.; sī quid, if at all, freq.

    manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.

    attollō, 3, a.: to lift or raise up, throw, cast up, 3.574; rear, build, 2.185; (fig.), to rouse, excite, 2.381; with se, lift one’s self or itself, 4.690; come into view, appear, 3.205; (fig.), arise, be exalted, 4.49; (pass.), attollī, to rise, 5.127. (ad and tollō)

    possum, potuī, posse, irreg. n.: to be able; can, 1.242, et al.; to avail, have influence, power, 4.382. (potis and sum)

    cūstōdiō, īvī or iī, ītus, 4, a.: to guard, 8.218. (cūstōs)

    vāstus, a, um: (adj.), empty, void, wild, waste, 9.323; vast, unbounded, 1.118; huge, enormous, immense, 3.647; deep-, vast-, sounding, 1.245.

    līmes, itis, m.: a cross path bounding two fields; border, boundary, train, 2.697; track, passage, 10.514. (rel. to līmen)

    memorō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to call to memory; mention, rehearse, relate, 1.8; say, speak, 3.182; name, 1.327; mention proudly, boast of, 5.392. (memor)

    ēnsis, is, m.: a sword, 2.393, et al.; knife, 2.155.

    Rhamnes, ētis, m.: a Rutulian chief, 9.325, et al.

    aggredior, gressus sum, 3, dep. n. and a.: attempt, dare, with inf., 2.165; to advance toward; attempt, 3.38; attack, 9.325; assail, hew, 2.463; accost, address, 3.358. (ad and gradior)

    tapēte, is, n. and tapēs, ētis (acc. pl., tapētas), m.: a coverlet; tapestry, hanging; a carpet, 9.358; abl. pl., tapētīs (perhaps from tapētum, ī), with housings, 7.277.

    exstruō, strūxī, strūctus, 3, a.: to build up; erect; raise, spread, 3.224; build, 4.267; p., exstrūctus, a, um, raised by, reclining on, 9.326. exstrūctum, ī, n., an elevated seat or tribunal, 5.290.

    prōflō, flāvī, flātus, 1, a.: to blow; breathe forth noisily, by snoring, 9.326.

    Turnus, ī, m.: the chief of the Rutulians, 7.56, et al.

    augur, uris, m., and rarely f.: a soothsayer, foretelling from any kind of sign; augur, diviner, prophet, 4.376.

    augurium, iī, n.: the business of the augur; augury, divination, 1.392; an augury, omen, portent, 2.703; oracle, 3.89; presage, 5.523. (augur)

    dēpellō, pulī, pulsus, 3, a.: to push, drive from or away; drive away from, w. acc. and abl., 5.727.

    pestis, is, f.: destruction, 5.699; plague, pest, scourge, 3.215; death, 9.328; infection, pollution, 6.737; fatal, baneful passion, 1.712. (perdō)

    iūxtā: (adv. and prep. w. acc.), near, close, near by, 2.513; at the same time, 2.666; near to, 3.506.

    famulus, ī, m.: pertaining to the house; a house servant or slave; manservant, 1.701; attendant, 5.95.

    temerē: (adv.), by chance; promiscuously, 9.329; in vain, 9.375.

    armiger, erī, m.: an armor bearer, 2.477; armiger Iovis, the eagle as the bearer of the thunderbolts of Jupiter; Jove’s armor bearer, 9.564. (arma and gerō)

    Remus, ī, m.: a Rutulian warrior, 9.330; the twin brother of Romulus, by whom, tradition says, he was murdered for leaping over the new walls of Rome in mockery, 1.292.

    aurīga, ae, m.: a charioteer, 5.146; a groom, 12.85.

    nancīscor, nactus or nanctus sum, 3, dep. a.: to obtain, secure, get, 7.511; find, overtake, 12.749.

    secō, secuī, sectus, 1, a.: to cut, freq.; cut off, 4.704; engrave, carve, 3.464; cut through, cleave, 5.218, et al.; of the channel of a river, 8.63; sail through, pass, 8.96; speed, 6.899; shape out mentally, form, 10.107.

    pendeō, pependī, 2, n.: to hang, foll. by abl. alone or w. prep., 2.546, et al.; 5.511; be suspended, 1.106; cling, 9.562; bend, stoop forward, 5.147; (meton.), linger, delay, 6.151; listen, hang upon, 4.79.

    collum, ī, n.: the neck of men and animals, 1.654, et al.; of a plant, 9.436; pl., the neck, 11.692.

    truncus, ī, m.: the stem, stock, or trunk of a tree; stem, trunk, 6.207; trunk of the human body, 2.557.

    singultō, no perf., ātus, 1, n. and a.: to sob, rattle in the throat, gulp, 9.333.

    āter, tra, trum: (adj.), black; dark, gloomy, 1.60, et al.; smoky, lurid, 7.456; 4.384; clotted, dark, 3.622; soiled, blackened, 2.272; (fig.), sad, fatal, 6.429; venomous, deadly; of the odor of smoke, 12.591.

    tepefaciō, fēcī, factus, 3, a.: to make tepid or warm; (pass.), to reek, 9.333.

    cruor, ōris, m.: shed blood; gore, 3.43; 4.455; blood.

    torus, ī, m.: a bed, couch, 1.708; seat, 5.388; royal seat, throne, 8.177; bank, 6.674; the swelling part of flesh; a brawny muscle.

    madeō, 2, n.: to be moist, wet; drenched, 12.691; p., madēns, entis, wet, moist; besmeared, perfumed, 4.216.

    nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.

    Lamyrus, ī, m.: a Rutulian, 9.334.

    Lamus, ī, m.: a Rutulian, 9.334.

    iuvenis, e: (adj.), young; in the vigor or flower of life; young, youthful, freq.; subst., iuvenis, is, c., a young person, youth; young man, 1.321, et al.

    Serrānus, ī, m.: 1. Serranus, a surname in the Atilian gens, 6.844. 2. A Rutulian, 9.335.

    lūdō, lūsī, lūsus, 3, n. and a.: to play, frolic, sport, 1.397, et al.; play with dice, 9.336; make sport of, mock, delude, deceive, 1.352; make one's sport, 11.427.

    īnsīgnis, e: beautiful, 3.468; splendid, adorned, 4.134; conspicuous, 6.808; marked, renowned, distinguished, 1.10; illustrious, glorious, 10.450. (in and sīgnum)

    aequō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to make equal in size, number, weight, etc., 1.193; 5.419; to equalize, divide equally, 1.508; make equal in length, 9.338; in height, raise to, 4.89; to equal, be equal to; to be as high as, on a level with; keep pace with, 6.263; return equally, requite, 6.474; lift, exalt, 11.125; p., aequātus, a, um, made equal or even; steady, 4.587. (aequus)

    lūdus, ī, m.: play, sport, pastime, 9.606; mirth; pl., lūdī, ōrum, games, public or national, 3.280. (lūdō)

    impāstus, a, um: (adj.), unfed; hungry, 9.339.

    ceu: (adv. and conj.), as, just as, 5.88; as if, 2.438, et al. (ce-ve)

    leō, leōnis, m.: a lion, 2.722, et al.

    ovīle, is, n.: a sheepcote, sheepfold. (ovis)

    suādeō, suāsī, suāsus, 2, n. and a.: to advise, warn, urge, exhort, 1.357, et al.; invite, 2.9; impel, prompt, 11.254; compel, force, 10.367.

    vēsānus, a, um: insane, mad, furious, 9.340.

    mandō, mandī, mānsus, 3, a.: to chew, bite, champ, 4.135; eat, devour, 3.627; of falling in battle, bite the dust, 11.669.

    mūtus, a, um: (adj.), speechless, dumb, mute, 12.718; not spoken or heard of; unfamed, humble, 12.397.

    fremō, uī, itus, 3, n. and a.: to make a murmuring noise; to roar, 1.56; whinny, neigh, 12.82; raise lamentations, 6.175; whiz, 12.922; resound, 4.668; rage, 5.19; to be fierce, furious, 4.229; fume, rave, 12.535; shout and sing, 4.146; a., rage, rave for, clamor for, 11.453, et al.; ore fremere, applaud, shout applause, 5.385; p., fremēns, entis, raging, 4.229.

    cruentus, a, um: (adj.), bloody, blood-stained, 1.296; covered with blood, 10.498.

    incendō, cendī, cēnsus, 3, a.: to set fire to, burn, 2.353; kindle, 3.279; illuminate, 5.88; (fig.), of the mind, fire, inflame, 1.660; arouse, rouse to action, 5.719; excite, irritate, enrage, madden, provoke, 4.360; disturb, rend, fill, 10.895.

    perfurō, uī, 3, n.: to rage wildly; rave, 9.343.

    atque, or ac: (conj.), and in addition, or and besides; and, as well, and indeed, and, 1.575; freq.; even, 2.626; in comparisons, as, 4.90; than, 3.561.

    medium, iī, n.: medium, iī, n., the middle, midst, 2.218; the intervening space, 6.131; ad medium, in the middle of the body, 12.273; in medium, into the midst, in public; before them, 5.401; for the common weal, 11.335.

    plēbs (plēbēs), is (ēī and ī), f.: the multitude, throng, 9.343; mass, common people.

    Fādus, ī, m.: a Rutulian, 9.344.

    Herbēsus, ī, m.: a Rutulian, 9.344.

    subeō, iī, itus (p. subiēns, euntis), 4, n. and a.: to go or come under, into, or up to; alone, or with acc. and prep., or with dat.; without a case, come up, 2.216; go under, bend, stoop down under, 10.522; come after; follow, 2.725; take one's place, 12.471; enter, 1.171; come into or upon the mind, suggest itself, occur, 2.560; with acc. and prep., go, advance towards, 8.359; with dat., come or go up to, down to, into, 5.203; succeed to, 5.176; come after, follow, 10.371; with acc., approach, enter, 1.400; go under a burden, bear, with abl. of instrument, 2.708; go under the yoke, draw, 3.113; enter the mind of, strike, occur to, 9.757; approach, reach, 3.512; approach, 7.22; meet, encounter, 10.798; attack, 9.344.

    Rhoetus, ī, m.: a Centaur, 9.345; a Rutulian slain by Euryalus, 9.344; king of the Marrubii, and father of Anchemolus, 10.388.

    Abaris, is, m.: a Rutulian warrior, 9.344.

    ignārus, a, um: (adj.), not knowing; freq.; unaware, ignorant, 11.154; often w. genit., ignorant of, 1.630; unsuspicious of, 2.106; unconscious, 9.345; not knowing the land; (pass.), unknown, a stranger, 10.706.

    vigilō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: n., to be awake, watch, 10.228; wake up, awake, 4.573; a., to watch against, look out for, guard against; p., vigilāns, antis, watchful, 5.438. (vigil)

    metuō, uī, ūtus, 3, a. and n.: to fear, dread, be in terror of, be afraid of; to experience fear; fear, 6.733; w. dat., fear for, be careful for; p., metuēns, entis, apprehensive of, 5.716. (metus)

    post: (prep. w. acc., and adv. of place and time); (prep.), behind, 1.296; next to, 7.655; after, 5.626; (adv.), afterwards, then, next, 1.612; hereafter, 1.136.

    crātēr, ēris, m., acc. sing. ēra, pl. ēras: a large mixing bowl or urn; mixer; bowl, 1.724; jar, 6.225.

    comminus: (adv.), hand to hand, 7.553, 733; immediately; near at hand. (com- and manus)

    adsurgō, surrēxī, surrēctus, 3, n.: to rise up; rise, 4.86; swell, fume, 10.95.

    purpureus, a, um: adj. (purpura), of purple; purple-colored, scarlet, red, purple, 1.337; of blood, 9.349; ruddy, glowing, brilliant, 1.591.

    vomō, uī, itus, 3, a.: to vomit; belch, vomit forth, 5.682.

    fūrtum, ī, n.: that which is stolen; (meton.), the act of stealing; theft; secrecy, concealment, 4.337; artifice, deceit, fraud, deception, 6.24; treacherous deed (adultery), 10.91; stealthy attack, stratagem, 9.350; fūrta bellī, an ambuscade, 11.515. (fūr)

    fervidus, a, um: adj. (ferveō), glowing hot; glowing; fired, 9.736; furious, 7.397; boiling, 7.24; threatening, 12.894; eager, impetuous, 12.748.

    īnstō, stitī, 1, n.: to stand on or upon; w. dat., acc., inf., or alone; w. dat., to stand on, 11.529; stand or hang over, 10.196; (w. acc.), to work at, ply work upon, 8.834; (w. inf.), urge on, press on, 1.423; persist, 10.118; (alone), to follow up, press on; pursue, 1.468; struggle, 12.783; be near at hand, approach, threaten, 12.916; to be urgent, important, incumbent, 4.115.

    Messāpus, ī, m.: a Latin chief, allied with Turnus, 7.691, et al.

    religō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to lie back or up; to picket, 9.352; moor, 7.106.

    rīte: (adv.), properly, fitly, rightly, 6.145; justly, meetly, 3.36; well, 3.107. (rītus)

    carpo, carpsī, carptus, 3, a.: to pluck or pull, crop, browse upon, eat, graze; cause to graze, pasture; gather, 6.146; (fig.), catch, breathe, enjoy, 1.388; consume, 4.2; devour, waste, 4.32; carpere prāta, etc., to course over.

    grāmen, inis, n.: grass, 3.537, et al.; a blade of grass or of grain, 7.809; plant; herb, 2.471; pasture, meadow; grassy field, plain, 7.655.

    Nīsus, ī, m.: a follower of Aeneas, 5.294.

    absistō, abstitī, 3, n.: to stand off or away from, followed by the abl., alone or with prep.; withdraw from, 6.259; fly, dart from, 12.102; (with infin.), desist, cease, 6.399; (alone), stop, cease, 1.192.

    propinquō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to bring near; render favorable, 10.254; to draw near, approach, w. dat., 2.730, et al. (propinquus)

    exhauriō, hausī, haustus, 4, a.: to draw out, drain, exhaust, toil through, achieve, 4.14; undergo, 1.599; endure, 11.256; inflict, 9.356.

    solidus, a, um: (adj.), the whole, whole, entire, 6.253; massive, 2.765; solid, hard, 6.552; sound, unimpaired, 2.639.

    perficiō, fēcī, fectus, 3, a.: to make completely; finish, complete, 6.745; perform, 3.178; p., perfectus, a, um, worked, wrought, executed, 5.267; fulfilled, 3.548. (per and faciō)

    phalerae, ārum, f.: bosses of metal worn on the corselet; trappings, 9.458; trappings or caparisons for the heads, necks, and breasts of horses, 5.310.

    bulla, ae, f.: something resembling a bubble; a boss, a stud, 9.359.

    cingulum, ī, n.: a girdle, belt, 1.492. (cingō)

    Tīburs, tis: adj. (Tībur), of Tibur, 9.360; n. pl., Tīburtia, 7.670; subst., Tīburtēs, um, m., the people of Tibur; the Tiburtines, 11.757.

    Remulus, ī, m.: 1. A Rutulian, brother-in-law of Turnus, 9.593. 2. Remulus, a Tiburtine, 9.360. 3. A second Rutulian, 11.636.

    hospitium, iī, n.: the relation of host and guest; hospitality, 10.460; friendly reception, entertainment; protection, hospitality, welcome, 1.299; guest-land, ally, 3.15; refuge, 1.540; alliance, 11.114. (hospes)

    absēns, entis: (adj.), absent, 4.83. (absum)

    Caedicus, ī, m.: Caedicus, an Etruscan chief, 9.362.

    nepōs, ōtis, m.: a grandson, 2.702; pl., nepōtēs, um, grandchildren; posterity, descendants, 2.194.

    Rutulī, ōrum, m.: the Rutulians, an ancient tribe of Latium dwelling south of the Tiber, 1.266, et al.

    potior, ītus sum, 4, dep. n.: to become master or possessor of; get, take possession, w. abl., 3.56; enjoy, 4.217; seize, 12.642; win, 9.363; achieve, execute, 6.624; gain, reach, 1.172. (potitur, 3.56; 4.217) (potis)

    umerus, ī, m.: the upper bone of the arm; the shoulder, 1.501, and freq.

    nēquīquam: (adv.), in vain, to no purpose, 2.515.

    aptō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to fit, join, or fasten to; with acc. and dat., 8.721; put on, 2.390; get ready, prepare, 10.259; fit out, prepare, 1.552; with abl. of manner, 8.80. (aptus)

    galea, ae, f.: a helmet, either of leather or of metal, 3.468, et al.

    habilis, e: adj. (habeō), handy, wieldy, convenient, easily handled, light, 11.555; well formed, 1.318; well fitted for, adapted to, fit for; well fitted, 9.365

    crista, ae, f.: a crest, plume, 3.468; helmet, 7.185.

    decōrus, a, um: adj. (decor), fit, proper, becoming, 5.343; graceful, beautiful, 1.589; adorned, 5.133; shining, 11.194.

    induō, uī, ūtus, 3, a.: to put into; put on, assume, 1.684; clothe; surround, crown, 3.526; pierce, slay, 10.682; (pass. as middle, w. acc.), gird one's self with, put on, 2.393; induere in vultūs, transform to the features, 7.20.

    excēdō, cessī, cessus, 3, n.: to go out or away; depart, 6.737; flee from, 1.357; withdraw from, 5.380; retire, 9.789.

    capessō, īvī or iī, ītus, 3, intens. a.: to seize, 3.234; (fig.), lay hold of, assume, 8.507; seek to reach, hasten to, 4.346; undertake, achieve, perform, 1.77. (capiō)

    article Nav

    Suggested Citation

    Christopher Francese and Meghan Reedy, Vergil: Aeneid Selections. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-947822-08-5. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/zh-hans/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-ix-314-366