Iamque rubēscēbat stellīs Aurōra fugātīs

cum procul obscūrōs collīs humilemque vidēmus

Ītaliam. Ītaliam prīmus conclāmat Achātēs,

Ītaliam laetō sociī clāmōre salūtant.

Tum pater Anchīsēs magnum crātēra corōnā525

induit implēvitque merō, dīvōsque vocāvit

stāns celsā in puppī:

'Dī maris et terrae tempestātumque potentēs,

ferte viam ventō facilem et spīrāte secundī.'

Crēbrēscunt optātae aurae portusque patēscit530

iam propior, templumque appāret in arce Minervae;

Vēla legunt sociī et prōrās ad lītora torquent.

Portus ab Eurōō flūctū curvātus in arcum,

obiectae salsā spūmant aspergine cautēs,

ipse latet: geminō dēmittunt bracchia mūrō535

turrītī scopulī refugitque ab lītore templum.

Quattuor hīc, prīmum ōmen, equōs in grāmine vīdī

tondentīs campum lātē, candōre nivālī.

Et pater Anchīsēs 'Bellum, ō terra hospita, portās:

bellō armantur equī, bellum haec armenta minantur.540

Sed tamen īdem ōlim currū succēdere suētī

quadripedēs et frēna iugō concordia ferre:

spēs et pācis' ait. Tum nūmina sāncta precāmur

Palladis armisonae, quae prīma accēpit ovantīs,

et capita ante ārās Phrygiō vēlāmur amictū,545

praeceptīsque Helenī, dederat quae maxima, rīte

Iūnōnī Argīvae iussōs adolēmus honōrēs.

    CORE VOCABULARY

    rubēscō, rubuī, 3, inc. n.: to grow or turn red; begin to glow, redden, 3.521. (rubeō)

    aurōra, ae, f.: the dawn, morning, 3.521; personified, Aurora, the goddess of the dawn, who precedes the horses of the sun-god, 4.585; the east, 8.686; the sun, 6.535.

    obscūrus, a, um: (adj.), dim, dark, dusky, obscure, 1.411; uncertain; of persons, unseen, 2.135; in the darkness, 6.268; pl., obscūra, ōrum, dim places; obscurity, uncertainty, 6.100.

    collis, is, m.: a hill, freq.

    humilis, e: adj. (humus), near the ground; low down; low, 4.255; low-lying, 3.522; near the surface, shallow, 7.157; unpretentious, lowly.

    Ītalia, ae (Ī by poetic (epic) license), f.: Italy, 1.2, et al.

    conclāmō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to call out aloud; shout, cry, 3.523; call together, 7.504.

    Achātēs, ae, m.: Achates, a companion of Aeneas, 1.174, et al.

    salūtō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to wish safe or well; greet, salute, 3.524; welcome, hail, 12.257. (salūs)

    Anchīsēs, ae, m.: son of Capys and Themis, and father of Aeneas by Venus, 2.687, et al.

    crātēr, ēris, m., acc. sing. ēra, pl. ēras: a large mixing bowl or urn; mixer; bowl, 1.724; jar, 6.225.

    corōna, ae, f.: a crown, 1.655; wreath, garland, 3.525; a crowd or throng; a circle of defenders on a rampart; a garrison, 9.508; a circle or crowd of assailants, 9.551.

    induō, uī, ūtus, 3, a.: to put into; put on, assume, 1.684; clothe; surround, crown, 3.526; pierce, slay, 10.682; (pass. as middle, w. acc.), gird one's self with, put on, 2.393; induere in vultūs, transform to the features, 7.20.

    merus, a, um: (adj.), pure, unmixed, 5.77; subst. n., merum (sc. vīnum), unmixed wine; wine, 1.729.

    celsus, a, um: adj. (cellō, rise), high, lofty, 1.56, et al.

    puppis, is, f.: the hinder part of a ship; the stern, 5.12; (by synecdoche), a vessel, boat, ship, 1.69; (meton.), crew, 8.497.

    spīrō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to breathe, blow, 5.844; palpitate, 4.64; pant; breathe heavily, 7.510; heave, boil, 10.291; of odors, breathe forth, exhale, emit; w. acc., 1.404; p., spīrāns, antis, lifelike, breathing, 6.847.

    crēbrēscō, crēbuī, 3, inc. n.: to become frequent, prevail, 12.222; to increase, swell, 12.407; blow fresh, 3.530. (crēber)

    optātus, a, um: desired, longed for, much desired, 1.172; (adv.), optātō, according to one's wish; in good time, 10.405.

    portus, ūs, m.: a port, harbor, haven, 1.159, et al; (fig.), 7.598.

    patēscō, patuī, 3, inc. n.: to begin to be open; to be open to view, stand open, 2.483; open, 3.530; become evident, manifest, 2.309. (pateō)

    Minerva, ae, f.: an Italian goddess, understood to be the same as the Greek Athena; the goddess of wisdom, of the liberal and industrial arts, and of systematic or strategic warfare, 2.31, et al.; (meton.), wisdom, wit; household work, spinning, the loom, etc., 5.284, et al.

    vēlum, ī, n.: a cloth; sail, 1.103, et al.; a curtain, canvas, covering, 1.469.

    prōra, ae, f.: the extreme forward part of a ship; the prow, 1.104.

    torqueō, torsī, tortus, 2, a.: to wind, turn, twist, 4.575; roll along, 6.551; whirl, hurl, 3.208; shoot, 5.497; cast, dash, 1.108; direct, 4.220; turn away, 6.547; turn, cause to revolve, 4.269; control, 12.180; p., tortus, a, um, whirled, whirling, impetuous, 7.567.

    Eurōus, a, um: adj. (Eurus), pertaining to Eurus, the southeast wind; eastern, 3.533.

    curvō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to bend, curve, 3.533; swell, 3.564; wind, 7.381. (curvus)

    arcus, ūs, m.: a bow, 5.500, et al.; the rainbow, 5.88.

    obiciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to throw against or towards; throw to, 6.421; present, oppose, 2.444; bar against, shut, 9.45; cast upon, 7.480; subject, expose, 4.549; (pass.), to be presented, appear, 5.522; p., obiectus, a, um, thrown towards or against; opposite, projecting, 3.534. (ob and iaciō)

    salsus, a, um: adj. (cf. sal), made salty; salted, 2.133; salt-, briny, 2.173.

    spūmō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to foam, 3.534, et al. (spūma)

    aspargō, inis, f.: a sprinkling upon; spray, 3.534. (aspergō)

    cautēs, is, f.: a craggy or pointed rock, or cliff; rock, crag, 3.534.

    geminus, a, um: (adj.), twin, 1.274, et al.; twofold, 6.203; double, two, 4.470; pl., geminī, ae, a, twin, 2.500; two, 1.162.

    bracchium, iī, n.: strictly, the forearm from the hand to the elbow; in general, the arm, 2.792, et al.; (fig.), limb, branch, of a tree, 6.282; sail-yard, 5.829; of walls, 3.535.

    turrītus, a, um: adj. (turris), turreted, 8.693; crowned with turrets; with crown of towers, 6.785; tower-like, towering, lofty, 3.536.

    scopulus, ī, m.: a projecting ledge of rock; a high cliff or rock, 1.180; crag, 1.45; ledge, reef, 1.145; detached rock, fragment of rock, 12.531.

    refugiō, fūgī, 3, n. and a.: to fly, 3.258; flee away, 6.472; recede, stand distant, 3.536; shrink, 2.12; w. acc., start back from, 2.380; shrink from, refuse, 7.618; fugere, refugere, to fly to and fro, 12.753.

    ōmen, inis, n.: a prognostic, token, sign, omen, 2.182; (meton.), evil, 2.190; auspicious beginning, 7.174; pl., auspices; rites, 1.346; in ōmen, as or for a warning, 12.854.

    grāmen, inis, n.: grass, 3.537, et al.; a blade of grass or of grain, 7.809; plant; herb, 2.471; pasture, meadow; grassy field, plain, 7.655.

    tondeō, totondī, tōnsus, 2, a.: to shear; finish, 1.702; clip, trim, 5.556; browse, feed upon, graze upon.

    lātē: (adv.), widely; far and wide, 1.21; on all sides, far around, 1.163; all over, 12.308. (lātus)

    candor, ōris, m.: shining, brilliant whiteness; whiteness, 3.538. (candeō)

    nivālis, e: adj. (nix), snowy; snow-covered, 7.675; snowy, 3.538.

    ō: (interj. expressing joy, grief, astonishment, desire, or indignation), O! oh! ah! w. voc., 2.281, et al.; w. sī and the subj., oh that, 11.415; sometimes placed after the word to which it relates, 2.281.

    hospitus, a, um: adj. (hospes), welcoming; friendly, hospitable; foreign, strange, 3.377; friendly, 3.539.

    armō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to equip with arms; arm, equip, 2.395, et al.; fit out, make ready, prepare, 4.299; (fig.), imbue, charge, 9.773; p., armātus, a, um, armed, charged, 12.857; subst., armātī, ōrum, m., armed men, warriors, 2.485. (arma)

    armentum, ī, n.: collective (arō), beasts used for plowing; cattle, 2.499, et al.; of all kinds of animals, a herd, drove; of deer, 1.185; of horses, 3.540.

    minor, ātus sum, 1, dep. n. and a.: to jut out, project; ascend, tower, 1.162; threaten, menace, 3.540. (minae)

    succēdō, cessī, cessus, 3, n. and a.: to go, come up to or under, with dat., or acc. and prep., or without a case, to go up to, visit, 8.507; ascend, 12.235; come up to, advance to, 2.478; approach, 7.214; encounter, 10.847; enter, 1.627; creep under, disappear beneath, 5.93; to descend into the earth, to be buried, 11.103; take up, take upon one's self, 2.723; go under, be yoked to, 3.541; to follow, 11.481; to turn out well; succeed, come to pass, 11.794. (sub and cēdō)

    suēscō, suēvī, suētus, 3, inc. n. and a.: to become accustomed, to be wont, used, accustomed, 3.541.

    quadrupēs, edis: adj. (quattuor and pēs), four-footed; subst., c., a quadruped, animal, beast, 3.542; courser, steed, 11.875.

    frēnum, ī, n.; in the pl. sometimes frēnī, ōrum: a bit, 4.135; bridle, reins, 3.542; (fig.), 6.100.

    concors, cordis: adj. (com- and cor), of one mind or spirit; harmonious, friendly, 6.827, et al.

    Pallas, adis, f.: Pallas Athena, identified by the Romans with Minerva, 1.39; rāmus Palladis, the bough sacred to Pallas, the olive, 7.154.

    armisonus, a, um: adj. (arma and sonō), making arms to resound; with resounding arms, 3.544.

    ovō, ātus, 1, n.: to shout, rejoice, 3.544; triumph, 6.589; p., ovāns, antis, exulting, joyous, shouting, triumphant, 4.543; of things, 10.409.

    Phrygius, a, um: Phrygian, Trojan, 1.381; subst., Phrygiae, ārum, f., Phrygian or Trojan women, 518. (Phryx)

    vēlō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to veil, 3.405; cover, clothe; bind around, wreathe, crown, 5.72; festoon, adorn, 2.249; to shade by bearing in the hand, 7.154; 11.101. (vēlum)

    amictus, ūs, m.: a veiling or draping of the person; an upper garment, covering; cloak, mantle, veil, 3.405; 5.421. (amiciō)

    Helenus, ī, m.: a prophet, son of Priam; carried away captive by Pyrrhus to Epirus, where he became the husband of Andromache and ruler of a small kingdom, 3.329, et al.

    rīte: (adv.), properly, fitly, rightly, 6.145; justly, meetly, 3.36; well, 3.107. (rītus)

    Iūnō, ōnis, f.: Juno, the Sabine and Roman name for the wife and sister of Jupiter, daughter of Saturn, 1.4, et al.; Iūnō īnferna, the Juno of the lower world, Proserpine, 6.138.

    Argīvus, a, um: adj. (Argos), belonging to Argos; Argive; Greek, 2.254; subst., Argīvī, ōrum, Argives, Greeks, 1.40.

    iubeō, iussī (fut. perf. iussō for iusserō, 11.467), iussus, 2, a.: to order, request, usually w. inf., freq.; bid, 2.3; ask, invite, 1.708; will, wish, desire, 3.261; direct, enjoin, admonish, 3.697; persuade, advise, 2.37; to clear by command, 10.444; w. subj., 10.53.

    adoleō, oluī, ultus, 2, n.: to cause to increase; to magnify, honor, adore, worship, 1.704; burn in sacrifice, offer, 3.547; fire, kindle, 7.71.

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    Suggested Citation

    Christopher Francese and Meghan Reedy, Vergil: Aeneid Selections. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-947822-08-5. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/zh-hans/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-iii-521-547