12.1 εἰ προκόψαι θέλεις, ἄφες τοὺς τοιούτους ἐπιλογισμούς· «ἂν ἀμελήσω τῶν ἐμῶν, οὐχ ἕξω διατροφάς·» «ἃν μὴ κολάσω τὸν παῖδα, πονηρὸς ἔσται.» κρεῖσσον γάρ ἐστι λιμῷ ἀποθανεῖν ἄλυπον καὶ ἄφοβον γενόμενον ἢ ζῆν ἐν ἀφθόνοις ταρασσόμενον· κρεῖσσον δὲ καὶ τὸν παῖδα κακὸν εἶναι ἢ σὲ κακοδαίμονα. 12.2 ἄρξαι τοιγαροῦν ἀπὸ τῶν σμικρῶν. ἐκχεῖται τὸ ἐλάδιον, κλέπτεται τὸ οἰνάριον· ἐπίλεγε ὅτι «τοσούτου πωλεῖται ἀπάθεια, τοσούτου ἀταραξία· προῖκα δὲ οὐδὲν περιγίνεται.» ὅταν δὲ καλῇς τὸν παῖδα, ἐνθυμοῦ ὅτι δύναται μὴ ὑπακοῦσαι ἢ ὑπακούσας μηδὲν ποιῆσαι ὧν θέλεις· ἀλλ' οὐχ οὕτως ἐστὶν αὐτῷ καλῶς ἵνα ἐπ' ἐκείνῳ ᾖ τὸ σὲ μὴ ταραχθῆναι.

    If I Don't Do This ...

    If you worry about future outcomes regarding matters outside your control, you will be disturbed and lose your peace of mind.

    προκόψαι: for Epictetus, those who are progressing in philosophy are keeping their prohairesis in accordance with nature, distinguishing what is and is not in their control. See Diss. 1.4.18 ff. for a fuller description of “those making progress.”

    ἀμελήσω ... κολάσω: 1 sg. aor. act. subj. in a future more vivid condition (G. 650; S. 2291.3a)

    ἄφες: > ἀφίημι, 2 sg. pres. act. imper.  

    κρεῖσσον γάρ ἐστι ... ἀποθανεῖν: supply σε as the acc. subject of the infin. The participles γενόμενον and ταρασσόμενον agree with this implied σε.

    λιμῷ: dative of means or instrument (G. 526a; S.1503)

    ἐν ἀφθόνοις: “in plenty,” “amid luxury”

    κρεῖσσον: supply ἐστί again. καί = “also”

    12.2

    ἄρξαι: > ἄρχω, 2 sg. aor. mid. imper. For the phrase, see ch. 3 ἀπὸ τῶν σμικροτάτων ἀρξάμενος and note.

    τοσούτου … ἀταραξία: “freedom from passion is sold at such a cost, calmness is sold at such a cost” = “this is the price of freedom from passion, etc.” τοσούτου is a gen. of price (G. 513; S. 1372). Cf. Diss. 4.3.7–8.

    ἐνθυμοῦ: > ἐνθυμέομαι, 2 sg. pres. mid. imper.

    ὧν: a full version of the phrase would read ποιῆσαι μηδὲν (τούτων ἃ) θέλεις; the antecedent (τούτων) has been omitted (G. 614; S. 2509) and the relative pronoun ἃ has been attracted to genitive ὧν, which would be the case of that missing antecedent (G. 613b; S. 2522).

    οὐχ οὕτως ἐστὶν αὐτῷ καλῶς: “it is not so well for him,” i.e., “he is not in so fine a position.” ἔχω + adv. indicates a state of being.

    ἵνα ἐπ' ἐκείνῳ ᾖ: “that is up to him,” “that it is in his control.” For ἐπί + dat. = “in the control of,” or “up to” somebody, see ch. 1.1.

    ᾖ: > εἰμί, 3 sg. pres. act. subj. in a result clause introduced by ἵνα, a Koine usage. See Bauer, The Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, ἵνα II.2.

    τὸ σὲ μὴ ταραχθῆναι: “your not being disturbed” = “your peace of mind,” art. infin. serving as the subject of ᾖ (G. 574-575; S. 2025); ταραχθῆναι > ταράσσω, aor. pass. infin.

    προκόπτω, προκόψω, προέκοψα, to advance; in Stoic terminology: to progress morally and philosophically

    ἐπιλογισμός, -οῦ, ὁ, reasoning, thought

    ἀμέλω, ἀμελήσω, ἠμέλησα, to neglect + gen.

    διατροφή, -ῆς, ἡ, means of support, sustenance

    κολάζω, -σω, ἐκόλασα, to punish

    πονηρός, -ά, -όν, (morally) bad, wicked

    λιμός, -οῦ, ὁ, hunger

    ἄλυπος, -ον, without pain or distress

    ἄφοβος, -ον, without fear

    ἄφθονος, -ον, abundant, plentiful, luxurious

    ταράσσω, ταράξω, ἐτάραξα, to trouble, disturb

    κακοδαίμων, -ον, miserable, unhappy

    12.2

    τοιγαροῦν, therefore

    ἐκχέω, ἐκχεῶ, ἐξέκεα, to pour out, waste

    ἐλάδιον, -ου, τό, a little oil

    κλέπτω, κλέψομαι, ἔκλεψα, steal

    οἰνάριον, -ου, τό, a little wine

    ἐπιλέγω, -λέξω, -έλεξα, to say in addition

    πωλέω, πωλήσω, ἐπώλησα, to sell, offer for sale (+ gen. of price)

    ἀπάθεια, -ας, ἡ, freedom from passion

    ἀταραξία, -ας, ἡ, calmness, tranquility

    προῖκα, (adv.) for free, without price

    περιγίγνομαι, περιγενήσομαι, περεγενόμην, to be a result or consequence, to arise

    ἐνθυμέομαι, -θυμήσομαι, -εθυμήθην, to lay to heart, consider

    ὑπακούω, ὑπακούσομαι, ὑπάκουσα, to listen

    article Nav
    Previous
    Next

    Suggested Citation

    Albert Watanabe, Epictetus: Encheiridion. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2020. ISBN: 978-1-947822-13-9.
    https://dcc.dickinson.edu/zh-hans/epictetus-encheiridion/chapter-12