At pater Aenēās audītō nōmine Turnī

dēserit et mūrōs et summās dēserit arcēs

praecipitatque morās omnīs, opera omnia rumpit

laetitiā exsultāns horrendumque intonat armīs:700

quantus Athōs aut quantus Eryx aut ipse coruscīs

cum fremit īlicibus quantus gaudetque nivāli

vertice sē attollēns pater Appennīnus ad aurās.

Iam vērō et Rutulī certātim et Trōes et omnēs

convertēre oculōs Italī, quīque alta tenēbant705

moenia quīque īmōs pulsābant ariete mūrōs,

armaque dēposuēre umerīs. Stupet ipse Latīnus

ingentīs, genitōs dīversīs partibus orbis,

inter sē coiisse virōs et cernere ferrō.

Atque illī, ut vacuō patuērunt aequore campī,710

prōcursū rapidō coniectīs ēminus hastīs

invādunt Martem clipeīs atque aere sonōrō.

Dat gemitum tellūs; tum crēbrōs ēnsibus ictūs

congeminant, fors et virtūs miscētur in ūnum.

Ac velut ingentī Sīlā summōve Taburnō715

cum duo conversīs inimīca in proelia taurī

frontibus incurrunt, pavidī cessēre magistrī,

stat pecus omne metū mūtum, mussantque iuvencae

quis nemorī imperitet, quem tōta armenta sequantur;

illī inter sēsē multā vī vulnera miscent720

cornuaque obnīxī īnfīgunt et sanguine largō

colla armōsque lavant, gemitū nemus omne remūgit:

nōn aliter Trōs Aenēās et Daunius hērōs

concurrunt clipeīs, ingēns fragor aethera complet.

Iuppiter ipse duās aequātō exāmine lancēs725

sustinet et fāta impōnit dīversa duōrum,

quem damnet labor et quō vergat pondere lētum.

Ēmicat hīc impūne putāns et corpore tōtō

altē sublātum cōnsurgit Turnus in ēnsem

et ferit; exclāmant Trōes trepidīque Latīnī,730

arrēctaeque ambōrum aciēs. At perfidus ēnsis

frangitur in mediōque ārdentem dēserit ictū,

nī fuga subsidiō subeat. Fugit ōcior Eurō

ut capulum ignōtum dextramque aspexit inermem.

Fāma est praecipitem, cum prīma in proelia iunctōs735

cōnscendēbat equōs, patriō mūcrōne relīctō,

dum trepidat, ferrum aurīgae rapuisse Metiscī;

idque diū, dum terga dabant pālantia Teucrī,

suffēcit; postquam arma deī ad Volcānia ventum est,

mortālis mūcrō glaciēs ceu futtilis ictū740

dissiluit, fulvā resplendent frāgmina harēnā.

Ergō āmēns dīversa fugā petit aequora Turnus

et nunc hūc, inde hūc incertōs implicat orbīs;

undique enim dēnsā Teucrī inclūsēre corōnā

atque hinc vāsta palūs, hinc ardua moenia cingunt.745

    CORE VOCABULARY

    Aenēās, ae, m.: 1. A Trojan chief, son of Venus and Anchises, and hero of the Aeneid, 1.92. 2. Aenēās Silvius, one of the Alban kings, 6.769.

    Turnus, ī, m.: the chief of the Rutulians, 7.56, et al.

    praecipitō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to cast headlong, hurl, plunge, 2.37; urge, hurry, hasten; impel, incite, 2.317; break off, end swiftly, 12.699; hasten away, 4.565; n. (sc. sē), fall headlong, 6.351; descend swiftly, 2.9; run down, 4.251. (praeceps)

    laetitia, ae, f.: joy, 1.514, et al. (laetus)

    exsultō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. n.: to spring; move with bold or exulting strides, 2.470; 10.643; advance proudly, 10.550; bound, 12.688; rise, surge in billows, swell, 3.557; bubble, 7.464; pant, 5.137; exult, rejoice, triumph, 2.386. (exsiliō)

    horrendum: (adv.), frightfully, fearfully, 6.288. (horreō)

    intonō, uī, ātus 1, n. and a.: to thunder, 1.90; (impers.), intonat, it thunders, 2.693.

    Athōs (acc. on, ōna), m.: a mountain in Macedonia on the Strymonian gulf, 12.701.

    Eryx, ycis, m.: a mountain on the northwest coast of Sicily, 1.570. A Sicilian giant and king, son of Venus and Butes, and brother of Aeneas; slain by Hercules, 5.419.

    coruscus, a, um: adj. (coruscō), vibrating, tremulous, waving, 12.701; flashing, 1.164; gleaming, 2.172.

    fremō, uī, itus, 3, n. and a.: to make a murmuring noise; to roar, 1.56; whinny, neigh, 12.82; raise lamentations, 6.175; whiz, 12.922; resound, 4.668; rage, 5.19; to be fierce, furious, 4.229; fume, rave, 12.535; shout and sing, 4.146; a., rage, rave for, clamor for, 11.453, et al.; ore fremere, applaud, shout applause, 5.385; p., fremēns, entis, raging, 4.229.

    īlex, icis, f.: the holm-oak, scarlet oak, ilex, 6.180.

    nivālis, e: adj. (nix), snowy; snow-covered, 7.675; snowy, 3.538.

    vertex, icis, m.: a whirl; whirlpool, 7.567; vortex, 1.117; whirling column of flame, 12.673; the top, crown of the head, the head, 1.403; summit, top, 1.163; mountain summit, height, 3.679; ā vertice, from on high, from above, 1.114. (vertō)

    attollō, 3, a.: to lift or raise up, throw, cast up, 3.574; rear, build, 2.185; (fig.), to rouse, excite, 2.381; with se, lift one’s self or itself, 4.690; come into view, appear, 3.205; (fig.), arise, be exalted, 4.49; (pass.), attollī, to rise, 5.127. (ad and tollō)

    Appennīnus, ī, m.: the Apennines, the great mountain chain of Italy, 12.703.

    Rutulī, ōrum, m.: the Rutulians, an ancient tribe of Latium dwelling south of the Tiber, 1.266, et al.

    certātim: (adv.), with striving or contention; emulously, vying one with another; with every blow, 2.628; emulously, 3.290; impatiently, 11.486; as if in rivalry; fiercely, 11.209. (certō)

    Trōes, m.: (subst.), the Trojans, 1.30, et al. (Tros, one of the kings of Troy)

    Italī, ōrum, m.: the Italians, 1.109. (Ītalia)

    pulsō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. a. and n.: to beat much; batter, buffet, 5.460; strike, 6.647; lash, 3.555; beat with the hoofs, dash along, 11.660; violate, insult, 12.286; pulsate, throb, 5.138; rebound, 4.313. (pellō)

    ariēs, ietis (oblique cases often trisyll. aryetis, etc.), m.: a ram, freq.; a military engine, a battering ram, 2.492.

    dēpōnō, posuī, positus, 3, a.: to put down or aside; recline, 7.108; put off, from, put on shore, 5.751; lay down, lay, 6.632; lay aside, dismiss, banish, 2.76; (pass., of sickness), to be laid down, dying, despaired of, 12.395.

    umerus, ī, m.: the upper bone of the arm; the shoulder, 1.501, and freq.

    stupeō, uī, 2, n. and a.: to be amazed or dazed; to be bewildered, confounded, lost in wonder, 1.495; wonder at, 2.31.

    Latīnus, ī, m.: Latinus, a king of Latium, whose capital was Laurentum, and whose daughter, Lavinia, became the wife of Aeneas, 6.891, et al. (Latium)

    coeō, coīvī or coiī, coitus, coīre, irreg. n. and a.: to go or come together, assemble, 7.582; come together in conflict, join battle; of the blood, stand still, congeal, curdle, 3.30; come to terms, form a compact, 7.317; coīre in ūnum, to come to one place, unite, concentrate, combine, 9.801, et al.

    prōcursus, ūs, m.: a running forward, onward course, career, 12.379; charge, onset, 12.711. (prōcurrō)

    rapidus, a, um: adj. (rapiō), that tears away; violent, fierce; swiftly moving, rapid, 1.42; speedy, quick, prompt, 5.513.

    coniciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to throw together; pile up, 5.662; throw, cast, hurl, 2.545; turn, 12.483. (com- and iaciō)

    ēminus: (adv.), from afar, at a distance, 10.346. (ē and manus)

    hasta, ae, f.: a spear, 2.50, and freq.; hasta pūra, a headless spear, 6.760; pampinea hasta, a thyrsus, 7.396.

    invādō, vāsī, vāsus, 3, a. and n.: to go into; enter, 3.382; enter upon, 6.260; invade, violate, 6.623; rush into, 12.712; attack, assail, 2.414; address, accost, 4.265; undertake, adventure, 9.186.

    Mārs (archaic form, Māvors), Mārtis: Mars, son of Jupiter and Juno; the patron of war and tutelar god of the Romans, 1.274, et al.; (meton.), martial spirit, courage, warlike fury, 6.165; battle, conflict, 2.335, et al.

    clipeus, ī, m., and clipeum, ī, n.: a round shield; a shield, 2.227, et al.

    sonōrus, a, um: adj. (sonor), loud-sounding; roaring, 1.53; ringing, resounding, 12.712.

    gemitus, ūs, m.: a groaning; a groan, 3.39, et al.; sigh, 1.485; lamentation, 2.486; cry, 2.413; noise, roaring, 3.555. (gemō)

    crēber, bra, brum: (adj.), repeated, frequent, 2.731; coming thick and fast, 11.611; blowing fresh; fresh, 5.764; abounding in, full of, 1.85.

    ēnsis, is, m.: a sword, 2.393, et al.; knife, 2.155.

    congeminō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to redouble, repeat, 12.714; multiply, multiply blows with, 11.698.

    ūnus, a, um (gen. ūnīus, dat. ūnī): (num. adj.), one, 2.527, et al.; one alone, a single one (emphatically), 1.47; only, alone, 9.544; one in particular, 5.704; with a comparative, 1.15; with a superl., 2.426; with ante aliōs, 3.321; common, 5.308; one and the same, at once, 10.871; pl., one, 2.642; ad ūnum, to a man, without exception, utterly, 5.687; in ūnum, in one, together, 12.714; (adv.), ūnā, in one place or at one time, together with, at once, at the same time, 3.634, et al.; with -que following, 11.864.

    atque, or ac: (conj.), and in addition, or and besides; and, as well, and indeed, and, 1.575; freq.; even, 2.626; in comparisons, as, 4.90; than, 3.561.

    Sīla, ae, f.: an extensive forest in the country of the Bruttii in Southern Italy, 12.715.

    Taburnus, ī, m.: a ridge of the Apennines south of Caudium, 12.715.

    taurus, ī, m.: a bull, steer, ox, bullock, 2.202, et al.

    incurrō, currī or cucurrī, cursus, 3, n.: to run into or against; rush upon, charge, 2.409; 11.759.

    pavidus, a, um: adj. (paveō, fear), trembling, alarmed, terror-stricken, 2.489; solicitous, trembling with expectation, eager, 5.575.

    mūtus, a, um: (adj.), speechless, dumb, mute, 12.718; not spoken or heard of; unfamed, humble, 12.397.

    mussō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. n. and a.: to speak low; mutter, complain, 11.454; whisper, hesitate, or fear to speak out, 11.345; waver, 12.657; to low faintly, 12.718. (mūtiō, mutter)

    iuvencus, a, um: adj. (iuvenis), young; subst., iuvencus, ī, m., a young bullock, 3.247, et al.; iuvenca, ae, f., a heifer, 8.208, et al.

    imperitō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. a. and n.: to command, govern, rule, 12.719. (imperō)

    armentum, ī, n.: collective (arō), beasts used for plowing; cattle, 2.499, et al.; of all kinds of animals, a herd, drove; of deer, 1.185; of horses, 3.540.

    obnītor, nīxus or nīsus sum, 3, dep. n.: to press, push against, w. dat., 12.105; without an object, push, 4.406; struggle, resist, 4.332; bear up, 5.21; strive, strike against, 5.206.

    īnfīgō, fīxī, fīxus, 3, a.: to fasten in or upon, w. dat. or abl., 1.45, et al; thrust, 12.721; p., īnfīxus, a, um, thrust deeply, deep, 4.689.

    largus, a, um: (adj.), ample; spacious, expansive, 6.640; plentiful, copious, flowing, 1.465; bountiful, free, 10.619; w. gen., lavish, 11.338.

    collum, ī, n.: the neck of men and animals, 1.654, et al.; of a plant, 9.436; pl., the neck, 11.692.

    armus, ī, m.: the shoulder, strictly at the shoulder blade; of beasts, shoulder, 11.497; flank, side, 6.881; of men, the shoulder, 11.644

    lavō, lāvī, lautus, and lōtus, 1 and 3, a. and n.: to wash, bathe, 3.663; wet, sprinkle, 6.227; p., lautus, a, um, washed; neat, elegant; stately, magnificent, 8.361.

    remūgiō, 4, n.: to bellow again or loudly; resound, reëcho, 6.99, et al.

    Trōs, ōis, m.: Trojan, 6.52, et al. (Tros, one of the kings of Troy)

    Daunius, a, um: adj. (Daunus), pertaining to Daunus, father or ancestor of Turnus; Daunian, 12.785.

    hērōs, ōis, m.: a demigod; a hero, 6.192, et al.; an illustrious man, champion, hero, 5.453.

    concurrō, currī (rarely cucurrī), cursus, 3, n.: to run together or at once; crowd around, 12.297; rush, 2.315; rush to conflict, 7.224; rush against a foe; (with dat.), engage, encounter, 1.493.

    fragor, ōris, m.: breaking, the noise of breaking; a crash; noise; a burst or clap of thunder, 2.692; roaring, uproar, 1.154; shout, 5.228; noise of lamentation, 11.214. (frangō)

    compleō, ēvī, ētus, 2, a.: to fill up; fill, 2.20; complete, 5.46; fulfill, 9.108.

    Iuppiter, Iovis, m.: Jupiter, son of Saturn and Rhea, and king of the gods, 1.223; Iuppiter Stygius, Pluto, 4.638.

    aequō, āvī, ātus, 1, a. and n.: to make equal in size, number, weight, etc., 1.193; 5.419; to equalize, divide equally, 1.508; make equal in length, 9.338; in height, raise to, 4.89; to equal, be equal to; to be as high as, on a level with; keep pace with, 6.263; return equally, requite, 6.474; lift, exalt, 11.125; p., aequātus, a, um, made equal or even; steady, 4.587. (aequus)

    exāmen, inis, n.: 1. A multitude; swarm, 7.67. 2. The tongue or indicator of the scales or balances; the index, 12.725. (ex and agō).

    lanx, lancis, f.: a broad dish or plate; a charger, platter, 8.284; pl., lancēs, the basins of weighing scales; scales, 12.725.

    vergō, 3, a. and n.: to incline; go down, sink, 12.727.

    lētum, ī, n.: death, destruction, 2.134, et al. (cf. dēleō)

    ēmicō, uī, ātus, 1, n.: to leap, spring forth, 6.5; to dart, bound, or spring upward, 2.175; run, rush, dart forward, 5.319.

    impūne: (adv.), without punishment or retribution; with impunity, 3.628; without harm, 12.559. (impūnis, unpunished)

    altē: (adv.), aloft, on high; high, 1.337; high up; deeply, deep; comp., altius, higher. (altus)

    cōnsurgō, surrēxī, surrēctus, 3, n.: to rise together, rise up; rise at once, 8.110; rise, 5.20; rise or spring to the oars, ply, 10.299.

    feriō, 4, a.: to smite or strike, 1.103; cut, 4.580; pierce, 12.304; slay, 10.315; strike or slay the covenant victim; hence, of a treaty, to make, 10.154.

    exclāmō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to call or cry out, 2.733.

    trepidus, a, um: (adj.), agitated, uneasy, disturbed, trembling, affrighted, 2.380; excited, tumultuous, 11.300; confused, in disorder, 10.283; alarmed, fearful of, anxious for, w. gen., 12.589; panic-stricken, 12.583.

    Latīnī, ōrum, m.: the people of Latium; the Latins, 12.823, et al.

    arrigō, rēxī, rēctus, 3, a.: to raise up; erect; bristle up, 10.726; (fig.), to excite, rouse; p., arrēctus, a, um, standing up, rising; erect, 5.426; bristling, 11.754; attentive, 1.152; animated, roused, encouraged, 1.579; ardent, intent; intense, 5.138; in fearful expectation, 12.731. (ad and regō)

    ambō, ae, ō: (adj.), both, 1.458.

    perfidus, a, um: adj. (per and fidēs), violating one's faith; faithless, perfidious, treacherous, 4.305; of things, disappointing; deceptive, treacherous, 12.731.

    ārdēns, entis: burning, hot, sparkling, flaming, 5.637; bright, 4.482; impassioned, ardent, eager, 1.423; spirited, fiery, 1.472; glowing, lofty, 6.130; fierce, furious, 2.529; angry, 6.467. (ardeo)

    subsidium, iī, n.: that which remains behind; a reserve; support; relief, 10.214; aid, 12.733. (sub and cf. sedeō)

    subeō, iī, itus (p. subiēns, euntis), 4, n. and a.: to go or come under, into, or up to; alone, or with acc. and prep., or with dat.; without a case, come up, 2.216; go under, bend, stoop down under, 10.522; come after; follow, 2.725; take one's place, 12.471; enter, 1.171; come into or upon the mind, suggest itself, occur, 2.560; with acc. and prep., go, advance towards, 8.359; with dat., come or go up to, down to, into, 5.203; succeed to, 5.176; come after, follow, 10.371; with acc., approach, enter, 1.400; go under a burden, bear, with abl. of instrument, 2.708; go under the yoke, draw, 3.113; enter the mind of, strike, occur to, 9.757; approach, reach, 3.512; approach, 7.22; meet, encounter, 10.798; attack, 9.344.

    ōcior, ius: adj. comp. (superl., ōcissimus, a, um), swifter, more fleet, 5.319, et al.; (adv.), ōcius, more swiftly; rapidly, speedily, quickly, swiftly, 12.681.

    Eurus, ī, m.: the southeast wind, 1.85, et al.; wind, 1.383, et al.

    capulus, ī, m.: the handle; hilt, 2.553. (capiō),

    ignōtus, a, um: (adj.), unknown, 1.359; strange, 5.795; not well known, but little known, 11.527.

    inermis, e: unarmed; helpless, defenseless, 1.487, et al.

    praeceps, cipitis: adj. (prae and caput), head foremost; headlong, 2.307; deep, 11.888; hurried, hasty, quick, speedy, 4.573; flying, running swiftly, 2.516; 3.598; rash, impetuous, fiery, 9.685; prolept., ready to sink, 10.232; subst., praeceps, n., a steep, precipice, verge, 2.460; in praeceps, headlong; downwards, 6.578.

    cōnscendō, scendī, scēnsus, 3, a. and n.: to ascend, climb, 1.180; mount, 12.736; embark on, 1.381. (com- and scandō, climb)

    patrius, a, um: adj. (pater), pertaining to one's father or ancestors; a father's, 2.658; paternal, natural to a father, 1.643; exacted by a father, 7.766; due to, felt for a father or parent, 9.294; ancestral, hereditary, 3.249; of one's country, native, 3.281; belonging to the nation, of the country, 11.374.

    mūcrō, ōnis, m.: a sharp point or edge, esp. of a weapon, 2.333; point of a spear, 11.817; a sword, blade, 2.449.

    trepidō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to be in trepidation, alarm or panic, 10.788; to hurry, hasten to and fro or about, 2.685; to hasten (with inf.), 9.114; to strive nervously, make trembling effort, 12.403. (trepidus)

    aurīga, ae, m.: a charioteer, 5.146; a groom, 12.85.

    Metiscus, ī, m.: the charioteer of Turnus, 12.469, et al.

    pālor, ātus sum, 1, dep. n.: to wander about, wander, 9.21; go astray; straggle, retreat, flee, 5.265.

    Teucrī, ōrum, m.: the Trojans, descendants of Teucer, 1.38, et al.; adj., Teucrian, Trojan, 9.779, et al. (Teucer)

    sufficiō, fēcī, fectus, 3, a. and n.: to make or produce underneath or within anything; dye; tinge, suffuse, 2.210; raise up, produce; supply, lend, afford, 2.618; to be adequate to, sufficient for; strong enough, able, 5.22. (sub and faciō)

    Vulcānius, a, um: adj. (Vulcānus), pertaining to Vulcan; forged or wrought by Vulcan, 12.739, et al.; of fire or flame, 10.408.

    veniō, vēnī, ventus: to come, freq.; come forth; approach, 6.755; rise, appear, 1.353; dawn, 10.241; to present one's self or itself, 5.344; descend, spring from, 5.373; impers., ventum est, we, they came or have come, 4.151.

    glaciēs, ēī, f.: ice, 4.251, et al.

    ceu: (adv. and conj.), as, just as, 5.88; as if, 2.438, et al. (ce-ve)

    futtilis, e: adj. (fundō), vain, weak, foolish, 11.339; brittle, treacherous, 12.740.

    dissiliō, uī, 4, n.: to spring apart; burst asunder; be rent asunder, 3.416; break in twain, 12.741. (dis- and saliō)

    fulvus, a, um: (adj.), reddish or tawny yellow; yellow, 5.374; tawny, 2.722; brown, 11.751; glowing, bright, 12.792.

    resplendeō, 2, n.: to shine brightly; glitter, 12.741.

    frāgmen, inis, n.: a fracture; a piece broken off, fragment, 9.569. (frangō)

    harēna, ae, f.: sand, 1.112; sandy shore, strand, 1.540; sandy ground, arena; space for races; an arena, 5.336.

    āmēns, entis: out of one’s mind or senses; amazed, beside one’s self, frantic, mad, furious, 2.314; 4.203; distracted, 3.307.

    incertus, a, um: (adj.), uncertain, 2.740; wavering; fickle, 2.39; doubtful, 3.7; undistinguished, base, 11.341.

    implicō, āvī or uī, ātus or itus, 1, a.,: to fold in; involve, entangle, entwine, 2.215; to wheel, 12.743; (w. dat.), bind to, 11.555; infuse, 1.660; insinuate, mingle, 7.355; sē implicāre, cling to, 2.724.

    dēnsus, a, um: (adj.), thick, dense, crowded, compact, in close array, serried, 2.383; frequent, 5.459.

    inclūdō, clūsī, clūsus, 3, a.: to shut in, inclose, 6.680; secrete, 2.19; for interclūdō, stop, choke, 7.534; to mount, set, inlay, adorn, 12.211. (1. in and claudō)

    corōna, ae, f.: a crown, 1.655; wreath, garland, 3.525; a crowd or throng; a circle of defenders on a rampart; a garrison, 9.508; a circle or crowd of assailants, 9.551.

    vāstus, a, um: (adj.), empty, void, wild, waste, 9.323; vast, unbounded, 1.118; huge, enormous, immense, 3.647; deep-, vast-, sounding, 1.245.

    palūs, ūdis, f.: a marsh, swamp, moor, fen, 6.107; water, 6.414; pond, lake, 8.88.

    arduus, a, um: (adj.), steep; erect, high, raised high, 2.475; 5.480; lofty, towering, 2.328; rearing, 11.638.

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    Suggested Citation

    Christopher Francese and Meghan Reedy, Vergil: Aeneid Selections. Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Dickinson College Commentaries, 2016. ISBN: 978-1-947822-08-5. https://dcc.dickinson.edu/sv/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-xii-697-745