Chapter 599 Allen and Greenough's Latin Grammar Dickinson College Christopher Francese

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The following are special rules of arrangement:—

The negative precedes the word it especially affects; but if it belongs to no one word in particular, it generally precedes the verb; if it is especially emphatic, it begins the sentence. (See example, 598. f. N.)

Itaque regularly comes first in its sentence or clause; enim , autem , vērō , quoque , never first, but usually second, sometimes third if the second word is emphatic; quidem never first, but after the emphatic word; igitur usually second; nē ... quidem include the emphatic word or words.

Inquam , inquit , are always used parenthetically, following one or more words. So often crēdō , opīnor , and in poetry sometimes precor .

(1) Prepositions (except tenus and versus ) regularly precede their nouns; (2) but a monosyllabic preposition is often placed between a noun and its adjective or limiting genitive:— quem ad modum; quam ob rem; māgnō cum metū; omnibus cum cōpiīs; nūllā in rē ; (cf. § 598 . i ).

In the arrangement of clauses, the Relative clause more often comes first in Latin, and usually contains the antecedent noun:— quōs āmīsimus cīvīs , eōs Mārtis vīs perculit (Marc. 17) , those citizens whom we have lost , etc.

Personal or demonstrative pronouns tend to stand together in the sentence:— cum vōs mihi essētis in cōnsiliō ; ( Rep. 3.28 ), when you attended me in counsel.

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