Chapter 491A School Grammar of Attic GreekDickinson CollegeChristopher Francese
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491 Such are
a. Interjections:
Ὦ, ἆ, αἰαί, φεῦ, ἰού, ἰώ οh, ah, alas, ha, hο, etc.b. Exclamations without a verb:
Δεῦρο this way! here! μηδὲν ἄγᾱν nothing too far! ἰώ μοί μοι δύστηνος ah me unhappy! Ζεὺς Σωτὴρ καὶ νκη Zeus the Savior and victory! AN. I. 8, 16. ὦ μιαρὸν ἦθος καὶ γυναικὸς ὕστερον O vile nature, subject to a woman! S. AN. 746.c. Titles and headings:
Κύρου Ἀνάβασις The Expeditiοn of Cyrus. Περὶ Ποιητικῆς On Poetry. Ἑπτὰ ἐπὶ Θήβᾱς Seven against Thebes.d. Some words or phrases, introducing a sentence that follows, or summing up something that precedes:
Σημεῖον δέ, or τεκμήριον δέ, and as evidence---. καὶ τὸ μέγιστον and what is most important---. καὶ τοῦτο αὐτὸ τὸ τοῦ Dμήρου and then as Homer says---. AR. 34 d. So the frequent expression καὶ ταῦτα and that too, in which ταῦτα, like that, stands for the preceding expression, repeated in this abbreviated form, that some new point may be added with emphasis.