457 The Pluperfect transfers the present force of the perfect to past time:
Oἰνόη ἐτετείχιστο Oinoë was (already) fortifed. T. II. 18. εἱστήκη I was standing. τότε δʼ ἀφειστήκεσαν but at that time they had revolted. AN. I. 1, 6. προειστήκει τοῦ ξενικοῦ he was in command of the mercenary force. AN. I. 2, 1.
a. For the pluperfect with ἄν see [469](file:///x:/Departments/Classics_Texts/schoolgrammarofa00goodrich_porson/HTML%20Files/Chapter-469.html).