446 Determinative Compounds ([445 a](file:///x:/Departments/Classics_Texts/schoolgrammarofa00goodrich_porson/HTML%20Files/Chapter-445.html)) are of two classes, not always distinguishable.
- a. Dependent Compounds: the first member is a noun that may be regarded as modifying the second, as if dependent on it in some case-relation:
στρατ-ηγός leader of an army, |
στρατό-ς, -ηγός (ἄγω), |
λοχ-ᾱγός leader of a company, |
λόχος, -ᾱγός (ἄγω), |
λογο-γράφος speech-writer, |
λόγος, γράφος (γράφω), |
ναυ-μάχος fighting with ships, |
ναῦς, -μάχος (μάχομαι), |
στρατό-πεδον camp, |
στρατοῦ πέδον, |
λογο-ποιός speech-maker, inventor of tales, |
λόγους ποιῶν, |
χειρ-ο-ποίητος hand-made, |
χερσὶ ποιητός, |
ὑδρ-ο-φόρος water-carrier, |
ὕδωρ, -φόρος (φέρω), |
αὐτό-ματος self-impelled, |
αὐτός, root μα-, |
τριήρης triply-fitted, |
τρεῖς, ἀραρίσκω. |
- b. Descriptive Compounds: the first member is an adjective modifying a noun as the second, or is an adverb modifying an adjective or participle as the second. (Cp. English blue-bird and new-born.) Descriptive compounds are fewer than dependents.
μόν-αρχος sole ruler, |
μόνος, ἀρχός, |
μεσ-ημβρίᾱ ([49](file:///x:/Departments/Classics_Texts/schoolgrammarofa00goodrich_porson/HTML%20Files/Chapter-049.html)) mid-day, |
μέση ἡμέρᾱ, |
ἀκρ-ό-πολις upper city, citadel, |
ἄκρᾱ πόλις, |
ψευδ-ο-μαρτυρίᾱ false witness, |
ψευδὴς μαρτυρίᾱ, |
ἡμί-ονος half-ass, mule, |
ἡμι- ([444](file:///x:/Departments/Classics_Texts/schoolgrammarofa00goodrich_porson/HTML%20Files/Chapter-444.html)), ὄνος, |
ἡμί-βρωτος half-eaten, |
βιβρώσκω eat, |
εὔ-δηλος quite clear, |
εὖ, δῆλος, |
περί-εργος over-active, |
περί, -εργος (root ἐργ-). |
- e. Many determinatives have as latter member a word that does not occur separately, or not in that sense (
[410](file:///x:/Departments/Classics_Texts/schoolgrammarofa00goodrich_porson/HTML%20Files/Chapter-410.html)); in some cases the lack is accidental. Thus ἄρχός, ἀγός (ᾰ), ἀγωγός are found separately, but not -ηγος, -γραφος, -μαχος, -ποιος; while φόρος, δόμος, δρόμος are used, but not in the sense in which they form many compounds.
- d. Determinatives of the ο-declension, if the second part is active, accent the penult if that is short, otherwise the ultima: λιθο-βόλος stone-thrοwιng, ναυμάχος, λογο-ποιός. (But not compounds in -αρχος and -οχος, which have recessive accent, and other exceptions occur.)