Chapter 432 Allen and Greenough's Latin Grammar Dickinson College Christopher Francese

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Certain Adverbs and Adjectives are sometimes used as Prepositions:—

The adverbs prīdiē , postrīdiē , propius , proximē , less frequently the adjectives propior and proximus , may be followed by the Accusative:— prīdiē Nōnās Mâiās (Att. 2.11) , the day before the Nones of May (see § 631 ). postrīdiē lūdōs (Att. 16.4) , the day after the games. propius perīculum (Liv. 21.1) , nearer to danger. propior montem (Iug. 49) , nearer the hill. proximus mare ōceanum (B. G. 3.7) , nearest the ocean. Prīdiē and postrīdiē take also the Genitive (§ 359 . b ). Propior , propius , proximus , and proximē , take also the Dative, or the Ablative with ab :— propius Tiberī quam Thermopylīs (Nep. Hann. 8) , nearer to the Tiber than to Thermopylæ. Sugambrī quī sunt proximī Rhēnō (B. G. 6.35) , the Sugambri , who are nearest to the Rhine. proximus ā postrēmō (Or. 217) , next to the last.

Ūsque sometimes takes the Accusative, but ūsque ad is much more common:— terminōs ūsque Libyae (Iust. 1.1.5), to the bounds of Libya. ūsque ad castra hostium (B. G. 1.51) , to the enemy's camp.

The adverbs palam , procul , simul , may be used as prepositions and take the Ablative:— rem crēditōrī palam populō solvit (Liv. 6.14) , he paid the debt to his creditor in the presence of the people. haud procul castrīs in modum mūnicipī exstrūcta (Tac. H. 4.22) , not far from the camp, built up like a town. simul nōbīs habitat barbarus (Ov. Tr. 5.10.29), close among us dwells the barbarian. But simul regularly takes cum ; procul is usually followed by ab in classic writers; and the use of palam as a preposition is comparatively late.

The adverb clam is found in early Latin with the Accusative, also once with the Genitive and once in classical Latin with the Ablative:— clam mātrem suam ( Pl. Mil. 112 ), unknown to his mother. clam patris ( id . Merc. 43), without his father's knowledge. clam vōbīs ( B. C. 2.32 .8), without your knowledge.

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