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        <title>Chapter 387</title> 
        <title level="m">Allen and Greenough's Latin Grammar</title>
        <author>Dickinson College</author>
        <principal>Christopher Francese</principal>
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      <p>
        The Direct Object of a transitive verb is put in the Accusative (§
        274
        ).
      </p>
      <milestone unit="smythsub" n="a"/>
      <p>
        The Accusative of the Direct Object denotes (1) that which is
        <emph rend="ital">directly affected</emph>
        , or (2) that which is
        <emph rend="ital">caused</emph>
        or
        <emph rend="ital">produced</emph>
        by the action of the verb:—
        <list type="ordered">
          <item>
            (1)
            <foreign>
              Brūtus
              <emph>Caesarem</emph>
              interfēcit
            </foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>Brutus killed Cæsar.</gloss>
          </item>
          <item>
            (2)
            <foreign>
              <emph>aedem</emph>
              facere
            </foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>to make a temple.</gloss>
            [Cf.
            <foreign>proelium pūgnāre</foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>to fight a battle</gloss>
            , §
            390
            .]
          </item>
        </list>
        <note place="inline" n="1" rend="ag" anchored="true">
          There is no definite line by which transitive verbs can be distinguished from intransitive. Verbs which usually take a direct object (expressed or implied) are called transitive, but many of these are often used
          <emph rend="ital">intransitively</emph>
          or
          <emph rend="ital">absolutely.</emph>
          Thus
          <foreign>timeō</foreign>
          ,
          <gloss>I fear</gloss>
          , is transitive in the sentence
          <foreign>inimīcum timeō</foreign>
          ,
          <gloss>I fear my enemy</gloss>
          , but intransitive (
          <gloss>absolute</gloss>
          ) in
          <foreign>nōlī timēre</foreign>
          ,
          <gloss>don't be afraid.</gloss>
          Again, many verbs are transitive in one sense and intransitive in another: as,—
          <foreign>Helvētiōs superāvērunt Rōmānī</foreign>
          ,
          <gloss>the Romans overcame the Helvetians;</gloss>
          but
          <foreign>nihil superābat</foreign>
          ,
          <gloss>nothing remained</gloss>
          (was left over). So also many verbs commonly intransitive may be used transitively with a slight change of meaning: as,—
          <foreign>rīdēs</foreign>
          ,
          <gloss>you are laughing;</gloss>
          but
          <foreign>mē rīdēs</foreign>
          ,
          <gloss>you're laughing at me.</gloss>
        </note>
      </p>
      <milestone unit="smythsub" n="b"/>
      <p>
        The object of a transitive verb in the active voice becomes its subject in the passive, and is put in the nominative (§
        275
        ):—
        <list type="ordered">
          <item>
            <foreign>
              Brūtus
              <emph>Caesarem</emph>
              interfēcit
            </foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>Brutus killed Cæsar.</gloss>
          </item>
          <item>
            <emph>Caesar</emph>
            ā
            <foreign>Brūtō interfectus est</foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>Cæsar was killed by Brutus.</gloss>
          </item>
          <item>
            <foreign>
              <emph>domum</emph>
              aedificat
            </foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>he builds a house.</gloss>
          </item>
          <item>
            <foreign>
              <emph>domus</emph>
              aedificātur
            </foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>the house is building</gloss>
            (being built).
          </item>
        </list>
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