322 A few verb-stems in -α and -ε, with still fewer in -ο,
do not lengthen that vowel in any system; some
of
these assume σ in the perfect middle or in the
passive system or both:
Verb-stems γελα- laugh, σπα- draw, τελε- finish,
| Present |
γελάω |
σπάω |
τελέω |
| Future |
γελάσω |
σπάσω |
τελέσω |
| Aorist |
ἐγέλασα |
ἔσπασα |
ἐτέλεσα |
| Perf. Act. |
--- |
ἔσπακα |
τετέλεκα |
| Perf. Mid. |
--- |
ἔσπασμαι |
τετέλεσμαι |
| Aor. Pass. |
ἐγελάσθην |
ἐσπάσθην |
ἐτελέσθην |
The stem αἰνε- approve neither lengthens ε in
Attic nor
takes σ; two compounds, ἐπ-αινέω praise
and παρ-αινέω advise, are frequent. (But ᾔνημαι is
found.)
- a. In some verbs (as τελε-, cp.
τὸ τέλος end) the σ clearly
belonged to the original stem, and has been lost except before
μ and τ; others appear to have imitated
these by inserting σ
before μ and τ.
- b. The perfect and pluperfect indicative middle have in
the third plural a compound form; the
whole inflection
(showing also the form of the participle) is as follows:
|
|
PERFECT INDICATIVE |
PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE |
| S. |
1. |
τετέλεσ-μαι |
ἐτετελέσ-μην |
|
2. |
τετέλε-σαι |
ἐτετέλε-σο |
|
3. |
τετέλεσ-ται |
ἐτετέλεσ-το |
| P. |
1. |
τετελέσ-μεθα |
ἐτετελέσ-μεθα |
|
2. |
τετέλε-σθε |
ἐτετέλε-σθε |
|
3. |
τετελεσ-μένοι εἰσί |
τετελεσ-μένοι ἦσαν |
| D. |
2. |
τετέλε-σθον |
ἐτετέλε-σθον |
|
3. |
τετέλε-σθον |
ἐτετελέ-σθην |
-
c. The future of τελέω finish and of καλέω call commonly
drops σ and contracts, thus becoming like the present: τελῶ,
τελεῖς, τελεῖ, etc.
So also μαχοῦμαι for μαχέσομαι, from μάχομαι (μαχ-, μαχε-)
fight, and ἐλῶ for ἐλάσω, from ἐλαύνω (ἐλα-) drive.