Subordinate Clauses are of various kinds.
A clause introduced by a Relative Pronoun or Relative Adverb is called a Relative Clause:—
-
Mosa prōfluit ex monte Vosegō,
quī est in fīnibus Lingonum
B. G. 4.10
,
the Meuse rises in the Vosges mountains, which are on the borders of the Lingones.
For Relative Pronouns (or Relative Adverbs) serving to connect independent sentences, see §
308
.
f.
A clause introduced by an Adverb of Time is called a Temporal Clause:—
-
cum tacent
, clāmant
Cat. 1.21
,
while they are silent, they cry aloud.
-
hominēs aegrī morbō gravī,
cum iactantur aestū febrīque
, sī aquam gelidam biberint, prīmō relevārī videntur
(
id
. 1.31),
men suffering with a severe sickness
,
when they are tossing with the heat of fever, if they drink cold water
,
seem at first to be relieved.
A clause containing a Condition, introduced by
sī
,
if
(or some equivalent expression), is called a Conditional Clause. A sentence containing a conditional clause is called a Conditional Sentence.
Thus,
sī aquam gelidam biberint
,
prīmō relevārī videntur
(in
b
, above) is a Conditional Sentence, and
sī
...
biberint
is a Conditional Clause.
A clause expressing the Purpose of an action is called a Final Clause:—
-
edō ut vīvam
,
I eat to live
(that I may live).
-
mīsit lēgātōs quī dīcerent
,
he sent ambassadors to say
(who should say).
A clause expressing the Result of an action is called a Consecutive Clause:—
Observe that the classes defined in
a-e
are not mutually exclusive, but that a single clause may belong to several of them at once. Thus a relative clause is usually subordinate, and may be at the same time temporal or conditional: and subordinate clauses may be coördinate with each other
-
tam
longē aberam ut nōn vidērem
,
I was too far away to see
(so
far away
that I did not see).
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