Chapter 173 Allen and Greenough's Latin Grammar Dickinson College Christopher Francese

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 Present Stem

The regular forms of the Four Conjugations are seen in the following:—

First Conjugation:— Active, amō , amāre , amāvī , amātum , love. Passive, amor , amārī , amātus . Present Stem amā- , Perfect Stem amāv- , Supine Stem amāt- .

Second Conjugation:— Active, dēleō , dēlēre , dēlēvī , dēlētum , blot out. Passive, dēleor , dēlērī , dēlētus . Present Stem dēlē- , Perfect Stem dēlēv- , Supine Stem dēlēt- .

In the Second conjugation, however, the characteristic ē- rarely appears in the perfect and perfect participle. The common type is, therefore:— Active, moneō , monēre , monuī , monitum , warn. Passive, moneor , monērī , monitus . Present Stem monē- , Perfect Stem monu- , Supine Stem monit- .

Third Conjugation:— Active, tegō , tegĕre , tēxī , tēctum , cover. Passive, tegor , tegī , tēctus . Present Stem tegĕ- , Perfect Stem tēx- , Supine Stem tēct- .

Fourth Conjugation:— Active, audiō , audīre , audīvī , audītum , hear. Passive, audior , audīrī , audītus . Present Stem audī- , Perfect Stem audīv- , Supine Stem audīt- .

In many verbs the principal parts take forms belonging to two or more different conjugations (cf. § 189 ):— 1, 2, domō , domāre , domuī , domitum , subdue. 2, 3, maneō , manēre , mānsī , mānsum , remain. 3, 4, petō , petĕre , petīvī , petītum , seek. 4, 3, vinciō , vincīre , vīnxī , vīnctum , bind.

Such verbs are referred to the conjugation to which the Present stem conforms.

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