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        <title>Chapter 157</title>
        <title level="m">Allen and Greenough's Latin Grammar</title>
        <author>Dickinson College</author>
        <principal>Christopher Francese</principal>
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      <p>
        The Moods are used as follows:—</p>
      <milestone unit="smythsub" n="a"/>
      <p>
        The Indicative Mood is used for most
        <emph rend="ital">direct assertions</emph>
        and
        <emph rend="ital">interrogations:</emph>
        as,
        <foreign>
          <emph>valēsne</emph>
        </foreign>
        ?
        <foreign>valeō</foreign>
        ,
        <gloss>are you well? I am well.</gloss>
      </p>
      <milestone unit="smythsub" n="b"/>
      <p>
        The Subjunctive Mood has many idiomatic uses, as in
        <emph rend="ital">commands</emph>
        ,
        <gloss>conditions</gloss>
        , and various
        <emph rend="ital">dependent clauses.</emph>
        It is often translated by the English Indicative; frequently by means of the auxiliaries
        <emph rend="ital">may</emph>
        ,
        <gloss>might</gloss>
        ,
        <gloss>would</gloss>
        ,
        <gloss>should;</gloss>
        <note place="foot" rend="ag" anchored="true">
          The Latin uses the subjunctive in many cases where we use the indicative; and we use a colorless auxiliary in many cases where the Latin employs a separate verb with more definite meaning.
          <foreign>Thus</foreign>
          ,
          <gloss>I may write</gloss>
          is often not
          <foreign>
            <emph>scrībam</emph>
          </foreign>
          (subjunctive), but
          <foreign>
            <emph>licet mihi scrībere</emph>
            ;
          </foreign>
          <emph rend="ital">I can write</emph>
          is
          <foreign>
            <emph>possum scrībere</emph>
            ;
          </foreign>
          <emph rend="ital">I would write</emph>
          is
          <foreign>
            <emph>scrībam</emph>
          </foreign>
          ,
          <foreign>
            <emph>scrīberem</emph>
          </foreign>
          , or
          <foreign>
            <emph>scrībere velim</emph>
          </foreign>
          (
          <foreign>
            <emph>vellem</emph>
          </foreign>
          );
          <emph rend="ital">I should write</emph>
          , (
          <gloss>if</gloss>
          , etc.),
          <foreign>
            <emph>scrīberem</emph>
          </foreign>
          (
          <foreign>
            <emph>sī</emph>
          </foreign>
          ) ..., or (implying duty)
          <foreign>
            <emph>oportet mē scrībere</emph>
          </foreign>
          .
        </note>
        sometimes by the (rare) Subjunctive; sometimes by the Infinitive; and often by the Imperative, especially in
        <emph rend="ital">prohibitions.</emph>
        A few characteristic examples of its use are the following:—
        <list type="ordered">
          <item>
            <foreign>eāmus</foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>let us go;</gloss>
            <foreign>nē abeat</foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>let him not depart.</gloss>
          </item>
          <item>
            <foreign>adsum ut videam</foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>I am here to see</gloss>
            (that I may see).
          </item>
          <item>
            <foreign>tū nē quaesieris</foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>do not thou inquire.</gloss>
          </item>
          <item>
            <foreign>beātus sīs</foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>may you be blessed.</gloss>
          </item>
          <item>
            <foreign>quid morer</foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>why should I delay?</gloss>
          </item>
          <item>
            <foreign>nesciō quid scrībam</foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>I know not what to write.</gloss>
          </item>
          <item>
            <foreign>
              sī
              <emph>moneam</emph>
            </foreign>
            ,
            <foreign>audiat</foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>if I should warn, he would hear.</gloss>
          </item>
        </list>
      </p>
      <milestone unit="smythsub" n="c"/>
      <p>
        The Imperative is used for
        <emph rend="ital">exhortation</emph>
        ,
        <gloss>entreaty</gloss>
        , or
        <emph rend="ital">command;</emph>
        but the Subjunctive is often used instead (§§
        439
        , 450):—
        <list type="ordered">
          <item>
            <foreign>līber estō</foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>he shall be free.</gloss>
          </item>
          <item>
            <foreign>nē ossa legitō</foreign>
            ,
            <gloss>do not gather the bones.</gloss>
          </item>
        </list>
      </p>
      <milestone unit="smythsub" n="d"/>
      <p>
        The Infinitive is used chiefly as an indeclinable noun, as the subject or complement of another verb (§§
        452
        , 456. N.). In special constructions it takes the place of the Indicative, and may be translated by that mood in English (see Indirect Discourse, §
        580
        ff.).
        <note place="inline" n="1" rend="ag" anchored="true">
          For the Syntax of the Moods, see §
          436
          ff.
        </note>
      </p>
        
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