Vergil, Aeneid VIII 219-261

CORE VOCABULARY

Alcīdēs, ae., m.: a descendant of Alceus; Hercules, 5.414, et al.

furiae, ārum, f.: rage, fury, madness, frenzy, 1.41, et al.; vengeance, 8.494; personif., Furiae, ārum, the goddesses of vengeance, the Furies, Allecto, Megaera, and Tisiphone; the Avengers, 3.331; for the Harpies, 3.252. (furō)

exārdēscō, ārsī, ārsus, 3, inc. n.: to begin to burn; (fig.), to be roused to anger; kindle, burn, 2.575; 5.172.

āter, tra, trum: (adj.), black; dark, gloomy, 1.60, et al.; smoky, lurid, 7.456; 4.384; clotted, dark, 3.622; soiled, blackened, 2.272; (fig.), sad, fatal, 6.429; venomous, deadly; of the odor of smoke, 12.591.

fel, fellis, n.: the gall bladder; gall, bile; poison, 12.857; (fig.), wrath, 8.220.

manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.

nōdus, ī, m.: a knot, 1.320, et al.; of a tree, 11.553; bond, 1.296; coil, 2.220; (fig.), difficult point; center of strife, 10.428.

gravō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to weigh down, 9.437; oppress, burden, 2.708; (pass.), to resist, yield reluctantly, 10.628. (gravis)

rōbur, oris, n.: hard oak or wood, 6.181; a tree, 8.315; (meton.), timber, a wooden structure; fabric, 2.260; (fig.), sturdiness, strength, firmness, courage, vigor, 2.639; pl., rōbora, wood, timber, 4.399; vigor, flower, 8.518.

āerius, a, um: (adj.), pertaining to the air; airy, aërial, 5.520; rising into the air; towering, lofty, 3.291; air-cleaving, 9.803.

arduum, uī, n.: a high place; height, 5.695; 7.562.

nostrī, ōrum, m.: our friends, kindred, allies, etc., 2.411. (noster)

Cācus, ī, m.: Cacus, the giant of the Aventine, slain by Hercules, 8.194.

turbō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to stir up, confuse, disturb, 3.449; scatter, 1.395; overthrow, 11.796; agitate, 4.566; perplex, 1.515; enrage, anger, 8.435; madden, 7.767; without obj. acc., to make disturbance, uproar, 6.857, et a1.; reflex., to be troubled, 6.800. (turba)

īlicet: (adv.), straightway, immediately, at once, instantly, 2.424. (īre and licet)

ōcior, ius: adj. comp. (superl., ōcissimus, a, um), swifter, more fleet, 5.319, et al.; (adv.), ōcius, more swiftly; rapidly, speedily, quickly, swiftly, 12.681.

Eurus, ī, m.: the southeast wind, 1.85, et al.; wind, 1.383, et al.

spēlunca, ae, f.: a cavern, 1.60; retreat, 5.213.

āla, ae, f.: a wing, 1.301; the feather of an arrow, 9.578; the wing of an army; cavalry, 11.730; troop, battalion, 11.604; horsemen, mounted huntsmen, 4.121.

inclūdō, clūsī, clūsus, 3, a.: to shut in, inclose, 6.680; secrete, 2.19; for interclūdō, stop, choke, 7.534; to mount, set, inlay, adorn, 12.211. (1. in and claudō)

immānis, e: (adj.), vast, huge, immense, 1.110; wild, savage, barbarous, 1.616; cruel, ruthless, 1.347; unnatural, monstrous, hideous, 6.624; (adv.), immāne, wildly, fiercely, 12.535.

catēna, ae, f.: a chain, fetter, 6.558.

dēiciō, iēcī, iectus, 3, a.: to cast down, 6.581; strike down, slay, 11.642; drive down, 4.152; shoot or bring down, 5.542; deprive of, 3.317; dēicere vultum, to cast down the eyes, 3.320; (pass.), dēicī, to be disheartened, dismayed, 10.858. (dē and iaciō)

paternus, a, um: adj. (pater), pertaining to a father; a father's, of a father, 5.81; derived from a father; paternal, ancestral, 3.121.

pendeō, pependī, 2, n.: to hang, foll. by abl. alone or w. prep., 2.546, et al.; 5.511; be suspended, 1.106; cling, 9.562; bend, stoop forward, 5.147; (meton.), linger, delay, 6.151; listen, hang upon, 4.79.

fulciō, fulsī, fultus, 4, a.: to sustain, support, uphold, 4.247.

ēmūniō, iī, ītus, 4, a.: to fortify; make strong, secure, 8.227.

ōbex, icis, m. and f.: an obstacle; a barrier, 10.377; a bolt, bar, 8.227. (ob and iaciō)

postis, is, m.: a post; doorpost, jamb, 3.287; door, 2.480. (rel. to pōnō)

furō, uī, 3, n.: to be mad; freq., to rave, be frantic, rage, 1.491; to be furious, burn, storm (for war), 7.625; to be burning or mad with love, 1.659; to be frenzied, in a frenzy, 6.100; inspired, 2.345; distracted with grief, 3.313; plunge madly, 9.552; boil, 7.464; with cognate acc., give vent to one's fury, 12.680.

adsum, adfuī, esse, irreg. n.: to be near or by; to be present, at hand, or here, 1.595; to have arrived, 2.132; to be with, attend, 2.701; aid, accompany, 10.547; be propitious, 3.116; to beset, 2.330; inf., adfore, to be about to come, destined to come, 7.270. (imp. subj., adforem, -ēs, -et, -ent)

Tīrynthius, a, um: adj. (Tīryns), of Tiryns, a town in Argolis, where Hercules was brought up; Tirynthian; subst., Tīrynthius, iī, m., the Tirynthian; Hercules, 7.662.

accessus, ūs, m.: a going near to; an access, approach, 3.570. (accēdō)

lūstrō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to purify by atonement, 3.279; go round the fields with the victims; hence to bless, ask for a blessing on; go or dance around an altar or the image of a god, 7.391; traverse, pass across, around, or over, 1.608; pass in review, parade before, 5.578; run through, 2.528; search, 1.577; observe, survey, 1.453; watch, mark, 11.763; of the sun, illuminate, 4.607. (lūstrum)

dēns, dentis, m.: a tooth, 3.664; the fluke of an anchor, 6.3.

īnfrendeō, 2, n., and īnfrendō, 3, n.: to gnash, 3.664.

ter: (num. adv.), thrice, three times, 1.94, et al. (trēs)

fervidus, a, um: adj. (ferveō), glowing hot; glowing; fired, 9.736; furious, 7.397; boiling, 7.24; threatening, 12.894; eager, impetuous, 12.748.

Aventīnus, ī, m.: the Aventine mount in Rome, 7.659; a Latin chief, 7.657.

saxeus, a, um: adj. (saxum), rocky, stony, 9.711.

nēquīquam: (adv.), in vain, to no purpose, 2.515.

vallēs, is, f.: a valley, dell, dale, ravine, vale, 1.186, et al.

resīdō, sēdī, 3, n.: to sit or settle down; seat one's self, 1.506; settle, take up one's abode, 5.702; retreat, 9.539; sink, subside, 7.27; come to an end, 9.643; of passion, become quiet, calm, subside, 6.407.

acūtus, a, um: sharpened, pointed, sharp, 1.45. (acuō)

silex, icis, m. and f.: a hard stone, flint, 1.174; rock, 6.602; crag, 6.471.

praecīsus, a, um: abrupt, ragged, 8.233. (prae and caedō)

dorsum, ī, n.: the back, 11.577; a ridge, reef of rocks, 1.110; a bank, 10.303.

īnsurgō, surrēxi, rēctus, 3, n.: to rise to; w. dat., 9.34; rise, spring to, ply, 3.207; (without case), lift or raise one's self, rise upward, 5.443.

vīsus, ūs, m.: a seeing; vision, sight, 4.277; a phenomenon, spectacle, appearance, sight, 2.212; aspect, 11.271; prodigy, 3.36. (videō)

dīrus, a, um: (adj.), accursed; portentous; fearful, dreadful, awful, dire, cruel, horrible, freq.; accursed, 2.261; unhallowed, impious, 6.373; foul, carrion, 3.262; wild, furious, ardent, 9.185; pl., dīra (adv.), fearfully, 10.572.

nīdus, ī, m.: a nest; brood, nestling, 5.214.

opportūnus, a, um: adj. (ob and portus, opposite to, or at the entrance of a harbor), convenient, fit, 8.235; proper.

prōnus, a, um: (adj.), inclined, stooping or bending forward, 3.668; leaning 8.236; descending, falling, 11.485; going down, 9.713; favorable, safe, 5.212.

laevus, a, um: (adj.), the left, 10.495; (situated) on the left, 3.412; the left, 3.420; (fig.), ill-starred, unpropitious, baleful, 10.275; infatuated, blind, 2.54.

incumbō, cubuī, cubitus, 3, n.: to lay one's self upon; lean or recline upon; (w. dat.), lie on or stretch over, 2.205; fall upon, 1.84; bend to, ply, 5.15; hasten, urge, press on, 2.653; overhang, 2.514; press or bend toward, 5.325; (w. ad and acc.), lean, hang, incline, 8.236; absolute, bend to, urge on the work, 4.397.

nitēns, entis: shining, glittering, sparkling; bright, 1.228; (fig.), sleek, well-fed, 3.20.

concutiō, cussī, cussus, 3, a.: to shake completely; shake, 2.629; push, 8.237; rouse, spur, 8.3; sift, examine, search, 7.338; agitate, strike with panic, terrify, 4.666; smite, afflict, 5.700. (com- and quatiō)

āvellō, vellī or vulsī, vulsus, 3, a.: to pluck, or tear off, or away from, with acc. and abl., take away, steal, 2.165; to force away, 11.201; p., avulsus, a, um, torn from, 2.608; torn, rent, 3.575.

rādīx, īcis, f.: a root, 3.27, et al.

repēns, entis: (adv.), suddenly, unexpectedly, 1.594.

impellō, pulī, pulsus, 3, a.: to push, thrust, drive to or upon; push onward, impel, 5.242; push, open, 7.621; smite, 1.82; ply, 4.594; put in motion, urge on, 8.3; shoot, 12.856; move, disturb, 3.449; (w. inf.), lead on, impel, induce, persuade, 2.55; force, compel, 1.11.

impulsus, ūs, m.: an impelling; impulse, shock, 8.239. (impellō)

intonō, uī, ātus 1, n. and a.: to thunder, 1.90; (impers.), intonat, it thunders, 2.693.

dissultō, 1, n.: to leap asunder; spring back or apart, 8.240; burst from, 12.923. (dis- and saltō)

refluō, 3, n.: to flow back, 8.240.

exter (exterus), era, erum: adj. (ex), on the outside; external, foreign, 4.350; superl., extrēmus (or extimus), a, um, outermost; outer, 12.925; last, most distant, farthest, 5.327; remotest, hindmost, last, 5.183; final, 3.714; consummating, finishing, 7.572; last in degree; extreme, basest, worst, 11.701; the instant of, verge of, 2.447; subst., extrēma, ōrum, pl. n., the most distant parts, 1.577; the last sufferings, death, 1.219; perils, 3.315; adv.; extrēma, for the last time, one’s last, 11.865.

at and ast: (conj., denoting addition either with the notion of difference, or of decided opposition), but, 1.46; yet, still, after conditional propositions; in adding new particulars, and in transitions, but also, but, now, 4.1; denoting indignation, with execration, 2.535.

specus, ūs, m., f., and n.: a cave, cavern; cavity, deep wound, 9.700.

dētegō, tēxī, tēctus, 3, a.: to uncover, 10.133; lay bare, expose to view, 8.241.

rēgia: a palace, 7.171. (rēgius, a, um, sc. domus)

umbrōsus, a, um: adj. (umbra), shady; dark, shadowy, 8.242.

penitus: adv. (cf. penes), inwardly, far within, deep, deeply, 1.200; wholly, entirely, 6.737; afar, 11.623; far away, 1.512.

caverna, ae, f.: a hollow; cavern, 2.53, et al. (cavus)

secus: following, late; otherwise, differently; nōn or haud secus, not otherwise, not less; likewise, even so, 2.382, et al.; none the less, nevertheless, 5.862; haud secus ac, nor otherwise than, just as. (comp. adv.), sētius, less, the less; haud sētius, not the less, 7.781.

atque, or ac: (conj.), and in addition, or and besides; and, as well, and indeed, and, 1.575; freq.; even, 2.626; in comparisons, as, 4.90; than, 3.561.

quis, qua or quae, quid or quod: (indef. pron., adj., and subst.), any, some, 2.94, et al.; some one, any one, any body, anything, something, 1.413, et al.; sī quis, nē quis, etc., if any, lest any, etc., freq.; (adv.), quid, as to anything, in anything, at all, freq.; sī quid, if at all, freq.

dehīscō, hīvī, 3, n.: to gape, yawn, 1.106; stand open, open, 6.52.

īnfernus, a, um: adj. (īnferus), that which is below; of Hades, infernal, 3.386.

reserō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: unbolt; open, 7.613.

reclūdō, clūsī, clūsus, 3, a.: to unclose; to open, freq.; throw open, 3.92; reveal, disclose, 1.358; unsheathe, 4.646; cut or lay open, 4.63. (re- and claudō)

pallidus, a, um: adj. (palleō), pale, pallid, 3.217; ghastly, 8.197.

invīsus, a, um: hated, hateful, odious, 1.387; (act.), inimical, an enemy, hostile, 11.364.

super: (adv.), above, 4.684, et al.; above, from above, 10.384; moreover, 4.606; besides, 1.29; more than enough, 2.642; remaining, surviving, left (with ellipsis of esse), 3.489, et al.; still (or above), 4.684; of time, in, during, 9.61.

barathrum, ī, n.: an abyss, chasm, gulf, 3.421.

trepidō, āvī, ātus, 1, n. and a.: to be in trepidation, alarm or panic, 10.788; to hurry, hasten to and fro or about, 2.685; to hasten (with inf.), 9.114; to strive nervously, make trembling effort, 12.403. (trepidus)

immittō, mīsī, missus, 3, a.: to send upon or to; drive to, 6.312; bring upon, 4.488; let in, 2.495; let fly, go, loosen, 6.1; hurl, fling, cast, 11.562; (with sē), rush into, 6.262; p., immissus, a, um, of the reins of horses, let loose; hence, (fig.), swiftly running, 5.146; unchecked, unbridled, 5.662; of the hair or beard, descending, left growing, neglected, long, 3.593.

Mānēs, ium, m.: the deities of the lower world, 6.896; gods or powers below, 12.646; the spirits or souls of the dead in Hades; ghosts, shades, Manes, 3.63; penalties of the lower world, punishments, expiations, purgatory, 6.743; abode of the dead, 4.387; infernal regions, the world below, 10.820.

īnspērātus, a, um: (adj.), unhoped for, 3.278; unexpected, 8.247.

dēprēndō, prēndī, prēnsus, 3, a.: to catch, surprise, overtake, 5.52; intercept, 10.98.

cavus, a, um: (adj.), hollow, 1.81; concave, 8.599; arching, vaulted, 2.487; cavae manūs, the palms of the hands, 12.86.

īnsuētus, a, um (trisyll.): (adj.), unaccustomed; unused, unwonted, 6.16; (pl. n. as adv.), īnsuēta, strangely; hideously, 8.248.

rudō, īvī, ītus, 3, n. and a.: to send forth a loud, rough sound; bellow, roar, of men, 8.248; of beasts, 7.16; of the roaring sound of the rushing water, 3.561. (p. gen. pl., rudentum, 7.16)

dēsuper: (adv.), from above; above, 1.165.

advocō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to call; summon, 5.44.

rāmus, ī, m.: a branch, bough, 4.485, et al.; limb, 8.318; wreath, 5.71.

vāstus, a, um: (adj.), empty, void, wild, waste, 9.323; vast, unbounded, 1.118; huge, enormous, immense, 3.647; deep-, vast-, sounding, 1.245.

molāris, is, m.: a millstone; (meton.), a huge stone, 8.250. (mola)

īnstō, stitī, 1, n.: to stand on or upon; w. dat., acc., inf., or alone; w. dat., to stand on, 11.529; stand or hang over, 10.196; (w. acc.), to work at, ply work upon, 8.834; (w. inf.), urge on, press on, 1.423; persist, 10.118; (alone), to follow up, press on; pursue, 1.468; struggle, 12.783; be near at hand, approach, threaten, 12.916; to be urgent, important, incumbent, 4.115.

faucēs, ium, f.: the jaws, throat, 2.358; (fig.), mouth, entrance, jaws, 6.241; defiles, 11.516.

fūmus, ī, m.: smoke, 2.609, et al.

mīrābilis, e: adj. (mīror), wonderful, extraordinary, wondrous, admirable, 1.652, et al.; strange, 2.680.

ēvomō, uī, itus, 3, a.: to vomit out or up, 8.253.

involvō, volvī, volūtus, 3, a.: to roll on or in; cast upon, 12.292; roll along, carry, 12.689; cover up, obscure, 3.198; conceal, involve, 6.100.

cālīgō, inis, f.: mist, fog, 3.203; misty, obscurity; darkness, dimness, obscurity, 6.267; smoke, 11.187; cloud of dust, 9.36; blinding dust, 12.466.

prōspectus, ūs, m.: a looking forth, view, 9.168; sight, prospect, view, w. dat. of the object, 1.181. (prōspiciō)

glomerō, āvī, atus, 1, a.: to gather into a ball or mass; roll, whirl, 3.577; collect; assemble, gather, 2.315; (pass.), glomerārī, in mid. signif., to throng, gather; troop, flock, 1.500. (glomus, ball)

antrum, ī, n.: a cave, cavern, grotto, 1.166.

fūmifer, era, erum: adj. (fūmus and ferō), smoke bearing; smoky, 8.255.

commisceō, uī, mixtus or mistus, 2, a.: to mix together, freq.; blend, mingle, 3.633.

praeceps, cipitis: adj. (prae and caput), head foremost; headlong, 2.307; deep, 11.888; hurried, hasty, quick, speedy, 4.573; flying, running swiftly, 2.516; 3.598; rash, impetuous, fiery, 9.685; prolept., ready to sink, 10.232; subst., praeceps, n., a steep, precipice, verge, 2.460; in praeceps, headlong; downwards, 6.578.

saltus, ūs, m.: a leap, bound, spring, 2.565; an ascending, 6.515. (saliō)

nebula, ae, f.: a cloud, 10.82; mist, fog, 1.412.

aestuō, āvī, ātus, 1, n.: to glow, to be dried up or parched; boil up; heave, foam, 6.297; fume, 8.258; rage, seethe, 12.666. (aestus)

incendium, iī, n.: a burning, conflagration; flame, fire, 2.706; desolation, 1.566; fiery material, firebrand, 9.71. (incendō)

vomō, uī, itus, 3, a.: to vomit; belch, vomit forth, 5.682.

corripiō, ripuī, reptus, 3, a.: to take completely or eagerly; to grasp, snatch, seize, catch, 1.45; hurry away, 1.100; tear away; hasten on, take, 1.418; raise quickly, rouse, 4.572; sē corripere, to hasten away, 6.472. (com- and rapiō)

complector, plexus sum, 3, dep. a.: to embrace; cover, 2.514; hold, 5.31; seize, grasp, 11.743.

angō, ānxī, ānctus or ānxus, 3, a.: to squeeze, compress, 8.260.

inhaereō, haesī, haesus, 2, n.: to stick to; cling to, hang upon, fasten upon, 8.260; embrace, w. abl., 10.845.

ēlīdō, līsī, līsus, 3, a.: to dash forth, out, up, 3.567; suffocate, strangle, 8.289; force out, cause to start out, 8.261. (ex and laedō)

siccus, a, um: (adj.), dry, 3.135; thirsty, dry, hungry, fasting, 2.358; nearly equivalent to carēns or prīvātus, with abl. foll., drained of blood, 8.261; hence, thirsting for blood, 9.64; subst., siccum, ī, n., dry ground, sand, or land, 10.301.

guttur, uris, n.: the throat, 6.421.