CORE VOCABULARY
Tartarus, ī, m., pl., Tartara, ōrum, n.: the lower world, Hades; especially that portion which was set apart for the wicked; Tartarus, 5.734, et al.
inclūdō, clūsī, clūsus, 3, a.: to shut in, inclose, 6.680; secrete, 2.19; for interclūdō, stop, choke, 7.534; to mount, set, inlay, adorn, 12.211. (1. in and claudō)
hostīlis, e: adj. (hostis), of an enemy, an enemy’s, 10.847; of the foe, 3.322; hostile, unpropitious, ominous, 3.407.
agger, eris, m.: materials gathered to form an elevation; a heap of earth or stones, dike, embankment, bank, 1.112; 2.496; heap of earth, 9.567; top, summit, ridge, raised surface, 5.44, 273; a rampart, 9.769, et al.; a height or rising ground, 12.446; aggerēs, mountains, mountain ramparts, 6.830. (aggerō)
saepiō, saepsī, saeptus, 4, a.: to fence in; inclose, surround, 1.506; envelop, 1.411. (saepēs, inclosure)
dēmēns, entis: (adj.), out of one’s mind, insane, foolish, mad, blind, 4.107; subst., fool, 11.399.
Dardanius, a, um: adj. (Dardanus), Dardanian, Trojan, 5.711; subst., Dardanius, iī, m., the Dardanian; the Trojan, 12.14.
proinde (dissyll. in poetry): just so; then, therefore, 11.383.
cessō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. n.: to remit action; stay, linger, rest; be inactive, 1.672; cease, 2.468; delay, 6.51; impers., cessātum est, delay has been made, has happened, 11.288. (cēdō)
extollō, 3, a.: to lift up; (fig.), laud, extol, 11.401.
bis: (adv.), twice, 1.381. (in composition bi-)
contrā: (prep. and adv.; prep. w. acc.), over against; opposite to, 1.13; against, 5.370; to, 9.280; on the contrary, 12.779; on the other hand, in reply, 1.76.
Latīnus, ī, m.: Latinus, a king of Latium, whose capital was Laurentum, and whose daughter, Lavinia, became the wife of Aeneas, 6.891, et al. (Latium)
Myrmidones, um, m.: the Myrmidons, Thessalian followers of Achilles, once dwelling in Aegina, where they had been transformed from ants to men in answer to the prayer of Aeacus, grandfather of Achilles, 2.7, et al.
procer, eris, m.: a chief, noble; pl., procerēs, um, elders, nobles, princes, 1.740. (in the sing. found only in the acc.)
Phrygius, a, um: Phrygian, Trojan, 1.381; subst., Phrygiae, ārum, f., Phrygian or Trojan women, 518. (Phryx)
tremēscō, 3, inc. n. and a.: to begin to tremble; to tremble, quake, 5.694; to tremble at, 3.648. (tremō)
Tӯdīdēs, ae, m.: the son of Tydeus, Diomedes or Diomed, 1.97, et al.
Larīsaeus, a, um: of Larissa, a Thessalian town, on the southern bank of the Peneus; Larissaean, 2.197. (Larissa)
Achillēs, is (eos or ī), m.: the son of Peleus, king of Thessaly, and Thetis, daughter of Nereus, 1.468, et al.
Hādriacus, a, um: adj. (Hādria), pertaining to the Adriatic Sea; Adriatic, 11.405.
retrō: (adv.), back, backwards, 2.753. (re-)
Aufidus, ī, m.: the Aufidus, a river in Apulia, 11.405.
pavidus, a, um: adj. (paveō, fear), trembling, alarmed, terror-stricken, 2.489; solicitous, trembling with expectation, eager, 5.575.
iūrgium, iī, n.: a lawsuit; a quarrel; reproof, 11.406. (iūrgō, dispute)
artifex, icis, m.: an artist, 1.455; artificis scelus, the iniquity of the deceiver = the accursed falsifier, 11.407; subtle schemer, artful deviser, 2.125. (ars and faciō)
formīdō, inis, f.: dread, dismay, apprehension, terror, fear, 2.76; awe, 7.608; personif., Fear, Dismay, 12.335. (formīdō)
acerbō, no perf., ātus, 1, a.: to embitter; to aggravate, augment, 11.407. (acerbus)
absistō, abstitī, 3, n.: to stand off or away from, followed by the abl., alone or with prep.; withdraw from, 6.259; fly, dart from, 12.102; (with infin.), desist, cease, 6.399; (alone), stop, cease, 1.192.
habitō, āvī, ātus, 1, intens. a. and n.: to have continually, have in possession; occupy, inhabit, 3.106; dwell, 3.110. (habeō)
cōnsultum, ī, n.: a thing deliberated upon; a decree; response, oracle, 6.151; deliberation, 11.410. (cōnsulō)
revertō, 3, n., and revertor, versus sum, 3, dep. n.: to turn back; go, come back, return, 3.101.
funditus: (adv.), completely, utterly, entirely, 6.736.
occidō, cidī, cāsus, 3, n.: to go down; set; fall, perish, 2.581; die. (ob and cadō)
fortūna, ae, f.: fortune, destiny, lot, chance, fate, 1.628; success, 10.422; the proper moment, a chance, 12.920; misfortune, calamity, 12.593; personified, 3.53, et al. (fors)
regressus, ūs, m.: a going back; (fig.), turn, change, retrieve, 11.413. (regredior)
iners, inertis: without ability; without force; inactive, inanimate, indolent; feeble, timid, 9.730; helpless, lifeless, 2.364; of the voice, weak, 10.322.
quamquam: (conj.), though, although, 2.12; freq.; corrective, but, 11.415.
ō: (interj. expressing joy, grief, astonishment, desire, or indignation), O! oh! ah! w. voc., 2.281, et al.; w. sī and the subj., oh that, 11.415; sometimes placed after the word to which it relates, 2.281.
solitus, a, um: having been accustomed, wont, 9.591; p., wonted, usual, habitual, 7.357, et al.
adsum, adfuī, esse, irreg. n.: to be near or by; to be present, at hand, or here, 1.595; to have arrived, 2.132; to be with, attend, 2.701; aid, accompany, 10.547; be propitious, 3.116; to beset, 2.330; inf., adfore, to be about to come, destined to come, 7.270. (imp. subj., adforem, -ēs, -et, -ent)
fortūnātus, a, um: adj. (fortūna), befriended by fortune; fortunate, happy, blessed, prosperous, 1.437; w. gen., 11.416.
quis, qua or quae, quid or quod: (indef. pron., adj., and subst.), any, some, 2.94, et al.; some one, any one, any body, anything, something, 1.413, et al.; sī quis, nē quis, etc., if any, lest any, etc., freq.; (adv.), quid, as to anything, in anything, at all, freq.; sī quid, if at all, freq.
prōcumbō, cubuī, cubitus, 3, n.: to lie down; to bend, lean forward, lie along, 8.83; bend down, lie prostrate; fall upon, 11.150; bend to, ply the oars, 5.198; to fall in death or battle, 2.426; fall down, sink in ruins, 2.505.
mordeō, momordī, morsus, 2, a. and n.: to bite, 1.418; rub, bind, confine, 12.274.
sīn: (conj.), but if, if on the contrary, 1.555, et al.
intāctus, a, um: (adj.), untouched, unbroken, 11.419; unhurt, 10.504; untouched by the yoke, unyoked, 6.38; pure; a virgin, 1.345.
iuventūs, ūtis, f.: youthfulness; the age of youth; collective, young people, the youth; warriors, 1.467. (iuvenis)
Italus, a, um: Italian, 3.440, et al.; subst., Italī, ōrum, m., the Italians, 1.109. (Ītalia)
supersum, fuī, esse, irreg., n.: to be over; to be left, remain (separated by tmesis), 2.567; survive, 8.399.
Trōiānus, a, um: adj. (Trōia), Trojan, 1.19; subst., Trōiānus, ī, m., a Trojan, 1.286; pl., Trōiānī, ōrum, m., the Trojans, 5.688.
veniō, vēnī, ventus: to come, freq.; come forth; approach, 6.755; rise, appear, 1.353; dawn, 10.241; to present one's self or itself, 5.344; descend, spring from, 5.373; impers., ventum est, we, they came or have come, 4.151.
pār, paris: (adj.), equal, 1.705; like, 2.794; equal, well-poised, steady, 4.252; side by side, 5.580; well-matched, 5.114.
indecor, oris, and indecoris, e: (adj.), disgraceful, bringing disgrace, 7.231; disgraced, infamous, 11.423; unhonored, 11.845.
tuba, ae, f.: a trumpet, 2.313, et al.; trumpet-signal, 11.424.
tremor, ōris, m.: a trembling; quaking; tremor, a shudder, horror, 2.121. (tremō)
artus, ūs, m.: a joint of the body of man or beast, 5.422; a limb, 2.173, et al.; part, member, 6.726; frame, body, 9.490. (generally in the pl., except in later writers)
mūtābilis, e: adj. (mūtō), changeable, unstable, fickle, inconstant, 4.569; changeful, that brings changes, 11.425.
alternus, a, um: adj. (alter), one after the other; alternating, 6.121; by turns, in succession, 5.376; every second, 12.233.
revīsō, 3, a. and n.: to look at again; visit again, return to see; return to, 2.760; revisit, 3.318.
lūdō, lūsī, lūsus, 3, n. and a.: to play, frolic, sport, 1.397, et al.; play with dice, 9.336; make sport of, mock, delude, deceive, 1.352; make one's sport, 11.427.
solidum, ī, n.: solid ground; fig.; 11.427.
locō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to place, put, 1.213, et al.; lay, 1.428; found, 1.247. (locus)
Aetōlus, a, um: (adj.), Aetolian, 11.428; Aetōla urbs, Arpi in Apulia, built by Diomedes, 11.239.
Arpī, ōrum: Argyripa, afterwards Arpi, a town built by Diomedes in Apulia, 11.246.
Messāpus, ī, m.: a Latin chief, allied with Turnus, 7.691, et al.
Tolumnius, iī, m.: a Latin chief and soothsayer, 11.429, et al.
nec or neque: (adv. and conj.), and not; neither, nor, 1.643, et al.; in prohibition, 3.394, et al.; neque (nec) — neque (nec), neither — nor, 5.21, et al.; nec — et, or -que, may be rendered neither — nor, 12.801; 2.534; nec nōn, and also, nor less, 6.183; nec nōn et, and also, 1.707.
dēligō, lēgī, lēctus, 3, a.: to choose from; choose, 2.18. (dē and legō)
Latium, iī, n.: a country of ancient Italy, extending from the left bank of the lower Tiber to Campania, 1.6; (meton.), for Latīnī, the Latins, people of Latium, 10.365, et al. (2. latus; Virgil, 8.323, derives it from lateō)
Laurēns, entis: adj. (Laurentum), of Laurentum, the ancient capital of Latium; Laurentine, Laurentian, 5.797, et al., subst., Laurentēs, um, pl. m., the Laurentians, 7.63, et al.
Volscī, ōrum: the Volsci or Volscians, a warlike tribe of Latium.
Camilla, ae, f.: a Volscian heroine, ally of Turnus, 7.803, et al.
flōreō, uī, 2, n.: to be in flower, bloom; to be adorned with flowers; (fig.), blooming, decorated, 4.202; to be in the bloom, in the flower of age or life; to be prosperous, to flourish; to be bright, to flash, 11.433. (flōs)
caterva, ae, f.: a troop, squadron, band, 2.370; crowd, throng, multitude, 2.40; flock, 11.456.
quod: (conj.), as to which thing; in that, that, indeed that, because; but, moreover, however, freq.; quod sī, but if, indeed if, if however, 6.133.
Teucrī, ōrum, m.: the Trojans, descendants of Teucer, 1.38, et al.; adj., Teucrian, Trojan, 9.779, et al. (Teucer)
certāmen, inis, n.: a striving, a struggle; effort, 5.197; combat, emulation, strife, 3.128; battle, war, 8.639; contest, game, 5.286. (certō)
bonum, ī, n.: a good thing; good; blessing, happiness; comp., melius, ōris, n., a better thing; melius est, it is better; in melius, for the better; to a better state, 11.426; meliōra, um, better things, 12.153.
obstō, stitī, stātus, 1, n.: to stand before or against; withstand, oppose, hinder, restrain, 4.91; to be obnoxious, 6.64.
exōsus, a, um: hating much; usually w. an obj. acc.; hostile, adverse to, hating, 5.687.
manus, ūs, f.: the hand, 1.487; freq.; (meton.), action, movement of the hand; work, art, handiwork, 3.486; prowess, heroic deed, action, 2.434; force, violence, 2.645; a collection of persons; a band, crew, troop; an army, 2.29; forces, 5.623; multitude, 6.660; pl., manūs, workmen, 11.329; dare manūs, to yield, 11.558; extrēma manus, the finishing hand or touch, 7.572.
recūsō, āvī, ātus, 1, a.: to bring a reason against; object; reject, decline, 5.417; refuse, 2.607; shrink back, recoil, 5.406. (re- and causa)
Vulcānus, ī, m.: the god of fire and of the forge, son of Jupiter and Juno, 8.422; (meton.), fire, 2.311, et al.
induō, uī, ūtus, 3, a.: to put into; put on, assume, 1.684; clothe; surround, crown, 3.526; pierce, slay, 10.682; (pass. as middle, w. acc.), gird one's self with, put on, 2.393; induere in vultūs, transform to the features, 7.20.
socer, erī, m.: a father-in-law, 6.830, et al.; pl., socerī, ōrum, parents-in-law, parents, 2.457.
Turnus, ī, m.: the chief of the Rutulians, 7.56, et al.
vetus, eris: (adj.), old, aged, freq.; ancient, early, former, 1.23, et al.
secundus, a, um: adj. (sequor), the following; second, 5.258; inferior, 11.441; favorable, fair, 4.562; swiftly flying, 1.156; fortunate, prosperous, 1.207; successful, 2.617; joyful, 8.90; 10.266; auspicious, propitious, 4.45; of a river, easily flowing, downwards.
dēvoveō, vōvī, vōtus, 2, a.: to set apart by vows; devote, 12.234; p., dēvōtus, a, um, devoted, destined, doomed, 1.712.
Aenēās, ae, m.: 1. A Trojan chief, son of Venus and Anchises, and hero of the Aeneid, 1.92. 2. Aenēās Silvius, one of the Alban kings, 6.769.
Drancēs, is, m.: a Latin hero, 11.122, et al.
potius: (adv.), preferably; rather, 3.654. (potis)
sīve or seu: (conj.), or if, freq.; or, 5.69; elliptical, 11.327; sīve (seu) — sīve (seu), whether — or, 1.569, 570; either — or, 4.240, 241.
luō, uī, 3, a.: to set free by atonement; pay for, atone for, expiate, 1.136, et al.; suffer, 11.849. (rel. to λύω, loosen)
