Α | Β | Γ | Δ | Ε | Ζ | Η | Θ | Ι | Κ | Λ | Μ | Ν | Ξ | Ο | Π | Ρ | Σ | Τ | Υ | Φ | Χ | Ψ | Ω
Numbers (ordinal and cardinal) 1-10, 20, 30, 100
ἀγαθός –ή –όν good, virtuous, brave, noble
ἀγγέλλω report, tell ἀγγελῶ, ἤγγειλα, ἤγγελκα, ἤγγελμαι, ἠγγέλθην
ἄγω lead, carry, bring; pass (time) ἄξω, ἤγαγον, ἦχα, ἦγμαι, ἤχθην
ἀγών –ῶνος, ὁ contest
ἀδελφός –οῦ, ὁ brother
ἀδικέω do wrong; injure ἀδικήσω, ἠδίκησα, ἠδίκηκα, ἠδίκημαι, ἠδικήθην
ἄδικος –ον unjust
ἀδύνατος –ον impossible; powerless
ἀεί always
αἷμα –ατος, τό blood
αἱρέω take, grasp, take by force; (mid.) choose αἱρήσω, 2 aor. εἷλον, ᾕρηκα, ᾕρημαι, ᾑρέθην
αἴρω take up, lift up; remove ἀρῶ, ἦρα, ἦρκα, ἦρμαι, ἤρθην
αἰσθάνομαι perceive, understand, hear, learn αἰσθήσομαι, 2 aor. ᾐσθόμην, ᾔσθημαι
αἰσχρός –ά –όν ugly, shameful, disgraceful
αἰτέω ask (for), beg αἰτήσω, ᾔτησα, ᾔτηκα, ᾔτημαι, ᾐτήθην
αἰτία –ας, ἡ cause, origin; charge, accusation
αἴτιος –α –ον responsible, guilty
ἀκούω hear ἀκούσομαι, ἤκουσα, ἀκήκοα, plup. ἠκηκόη or ἀκηκόη, ἠκούσθην
ἀλήθεια –ας, ἡ truth
ἀληθής –ές true
ἁλίσκομαι to be taken, conquered (act. supplied by αἱρέω) ἁλώσομαι, 2 aor. ἑάλων, ἑάλωκα
ἀλλά but
ἀλλήλων (oblique cases only) one another, each other
ἄλλος –η –ο other; ἄλλως otherwise
ἅμα at the same time; together with (+ dat.)
ἁμαρτάνω miss the mark (+ gen.); fail, be wrong, make a mistake ἁμαρτήσομαι, ἡμάρτησα, 2 aor. ἥμαρτον, ἡμάρτηκα, ἡμάρτημαι, ἡμαρτήθην
ἀμείνων –ον better, abler, stronger, braver (comp. of ἀγαθός)
ἀμφί about, around
ἀμφότερος –α –ον both
ἄν particle that marks verbs as potential (with optative), or generalizing (with subjunctive)
ἀνά up, on; throughout
ἀνάγκη –ης, ἡ necessity
ἀναιρέω raise, take up; kill, destroy ἀναιρήσω, ἀνεῖλον, ἀνῄρηκα, ἀνῄρημαι, ἀνῃρέθην
ἄνευ without (+ gen.)
ἀνήρ ἀνδρός, ὁ man, husband
ἄνθρωπος –ου, ὁ/ἡ human being
ἀντί instead of, in place of (+ gen.)
ἄνω up, upwards
ἄξιος –α –ον worthy, deserving
ἀξιόω consider worthy ἀξιώσω, ἠξίωσα, ἠξίωκα, ἠξίωμαι, ἠξιώθην
ἀπαλλάσσω set free, release, deliver ἀπαλλάξω, ἀπήλλαξα, ἀπήλλαχα, ἀπήλλαγμαι, ἀπηλλάχθην or ἀπηλλάγην
ἅπας ἅπασα ἅπαν all together
ἁπλῶς simply, singly, in one way
ἀπό from (+ gen.)
ἀποδίδωμι give back; render; allow; (mid.) sell ἀποδώσω, ἀπέδωκα, ἀποδέδωκα, ἀποδέδομαι, ἀπεδόθην
ἀποθνῄσκω die ἀποθανοῦμαι, 2 aor. ἀπέθανον, ἀποτέθνηκα
ἀποκρίνω separate, set apart; (mid.) answer, reply ἀποκρινῶ, ἀπεκρινάμην, ἀπεκρίθη
ἀποκτείνω kill ἀποκτενῶ, ἀπέκτεινα, ἀπέκτονα
ἀπόλλυμι kill, destroy; (mid.) perish, die ἀπολῶ, ἀπώλεσα, 2 aor. mid. ἀπωλόμην, pf. ἀπολώλεκα (“I have utterly destroyed”) or ἀπόλωλα (“I am undone”)
ἄρα therefore, then (drawing an inference)
ἆρα particle introducing a question
ἀργύριον –ου, τό money
ἀρετή –ῆς, ἡ goodness, excellence; virtue; valor, bravery
ἀριθμός –οῦ, ὁ number
ἄριστος –η –ον best, noblest (superl. of ἀγαθός)
ἀρχή –ῆς, ἡ beginning, origin; rule, empire, realm; magistracy
ἄρχω begin (+ gen.); lead, rule, govern (+ gen.) ἄρξω, ἦρξα, ἦργμαι, ἤρχθην
αὖ, αὖθις back (again); moreover; on the other hand
αὐτίκα at once, immediately
αὐτός –ή –ό him- her- itself etc. (for emphasis); the same (with article); him, her, it etc. (in oblique cases)
ἀφαιρέω take from, take away ἀφαιρήσω, ἀφεῖλον, ἀφῄρηκα, ἀφῄρημαι, ἀφῃρέθην
send away, let go; let alone, neglect ἀφήσω, ἀφῆκα, ἀφεῖκα, ἀφεῖμαι, ἀφείθην
ἀφικνέομαι come to, arrive at ἀφίξομαι, 2 aor. ἀφικόμην, ἀφῖγμαι
βαίνω walk, come, go -βήσομαι, 2 aor. -ἔβην, βέβηκα
βάλλω throw, hurl; throw at, hit (acc.) with (dat.) βαλῶ, 2 aor. ἔβαλον, βέβληκα, βέβλημαι, ἐβλήθην
βάρβαρος –ον barbarous, not Greek, foreign
βαρύς –εῖα –ύ heavy, grievous, tiresome
βασιλεύς βασιλέως, ὁ king
βελτίων –ον better (comp. of ἀγαθός)
βίος –ου, ὁ life
βλέπω see, look (at) βλέψομαι, ἔβλεψα
βοηθέω help, assist (+ dat.) βοηθήσω, ἐβοήθησα, βεβοήθηκα
βουλεύω plan (to), decide (to) βουλεύσω, ἐβούλευσα, βεβούλευκα, βεβούλευμαι, ἐβουλεύθην
βουλή –ῆς, ἡ will, determination; counsel, piece of advice; council of elders
βούλομαι (+ infin.) will, wish (to); be willing (to) βουλήσομαι, βεβούλημαι, ἐβουλήθην; ὁ βουλόμενος anyone who likes
βοῦς βοός, ὁ/ἡ bull, ox, cow
γάρ for, because
γε (enclitic particle) indeed; at least, at any rate
γένος –ους, τό race, family; kind, class
γῆ γῆς, ἡ earth
γίγνομαι become; be born; happen, be γενήσομαι, 2 aor. ἐγενόμην, γέγονα, γεγένημαι, ἐγενήθην
γιγνώσκω come to know, learn; judge, think, or determine that (+ acc. and infin.) γνώσομαι, ἔγνων, ἔγνωκα, ἔγνωσμαι, ἐγνώσθην
γλῶσσα –ης, ἡ tongue; language
γνώμη –ης, ἡ thought, intelligence, opinion, purpose
γράμμα –ατος, τό letter, written character; (pl.) piece of writing, document(s)
γραφή –ῆς, ἡ a drawing, painting, writing; indictment
γράφω write γράψω, ἔγραψα, γέγραφα, γέγραμμαι, ἐγράφην
δαίμων –ονος, ὁ/ἡ spirit, god, demon; fate, destiny
δέ and; but
δεῖ it is necessary, one must, one ought (+ acc. and infin.), impf. ἔδει, δεήσει
δέδοικα (pf. with pres. meaning) fear δείσομαι, ἔδεισα
δείκνυμι show, point out δείξω, ἔδειξα, δέδειχα, δέδειγμαι, ἐδείχθην
δεινός –ή –όν awesome, terrible; clever, clever at (+ infin.)
δεσπότης –ου, ὁ master (of the household); absolute ruler
δέχομαι take, accept; welcome, entertain δέξομαι, ἐδεξάμην, δέδεγμαι, -εδέχθην
δέω lack, miss, stand in need of (+ gen.) δεήσω, ἐδέησα, δεδέηκα, δεδέημαι, ἐδεήθην
δή surely, really, now, in fact, indeed (gives greater exactness)
δῆλος –η –ον visible, clear, manifest
δηλόω show, declare, explain δηλώσω, ἐδήλωσα, δεδήλωκα, ἐδηλώθην
δῆμος –ου, ὁ country district (opp. πόλις); the (common) people
διά through, during (+ gen.); because of (+ acc.)
διαφέρω carry in different ways, spread; differ; (impers.) διαφέρει it makes a difference to (+ dat.), διοίσω, 1 aor. διήνεγκα, 2 aor. διήνεγκον, διενήνοχα, διενήνεγμαι
διαφθείρω destroy; corrupt διαφθερῶ, διέφθειρα, διέφθαρκα, διέφθαρμαι, διεφθάρην
διαφορά –ᾶς, ἡ difference, disagreement
διδάσκω teach διδάξω, ἐδίδαξα, δεδίδαχα, δεδίδαγμαι, ἐδιδάχθην
δίδωμι give, grant, offer δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην
δίκαιος –α –ον just
δίκη –ης, ἡ justice, lawsuit, trial, penalty
διώκω pursue διώξομαι, ἐδίωξα, δεδίωχα, ἐδιώχθην
δοκέω think, suppose, imagine (+ acc. and infin.); seem, seem good; (impers.) δοκεῖ μοι it seems to me
δόξα –ης, ἡ opinion, judgment; reputation, honor, glory
δοῦλος –ου, ὁ slave
δράω do, accomplish δράσω, ἔδρασα, δέδρακα, δέδραμαι, ἐδράσθην
δύναμαι (+ infin.) to be able (to), be strong enough (to) δυνήσομαι, ἐδυνήθην, δεδύνημαι
δύναμις –εως, ἡ power, strength, ability
δυνατός –ή –όν strong, powerful, able
ἐάν (= εἰ + ἄν) if (+ subj.)
ἑαυτοῦ –ῆς –οῦ him- her- itself (reflexive pron.)
ἐάω allow, permit (+ acc. and infin.); let be, let alone ἐάσω, εἴασα
ἐγώ ἐμοῦ, (pl.) ἡμεῖς, ἡμῶν I, we
ἐθέλω (+ infin.) wish (to); be willing (to) ἐθελήσω, ἠθέλησα, ἠθέληκα
ἔθνος –ους, τό nation
εἰ, if (+ indic. or opt.) εἴπερ if indeed
εἶδον I saw 2 aor. of ὁράω, act. infin. ἰδεῖν, mid. infin. ἰδέσθαι
εἶδος –ους, τό form, shape, figure; class, kind, sort
εἰκός εἰκότος, τό likelihood, probability
εἰμί be, exist ἔσομαι, impf. ἦν, infin. εἶναι
εἶμι I will go, fut. of ἔρχομαι, infin. ἰέναι, ptc. ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν
εἶπον I said, I spoke 2 aor. λέγω, φημί
εἰρήνη –ης, ἡ peace
εἰς into, to, towards (+ acc.)
εἶτα then, next
εἴτε...εἴτε either…or
ἐκ, ἐξ from, out of (+ gen.)
ἕκαστος –η –ον each
ἑκάτερος –α –ον each (of two)
ἐκεῖ there
ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνη ἐκεῖνο that (person or thing); ἐκεῖνος…οὗτος the former…the latter
ἐλάσσων –ον smaller, less (comp. of μικρός)
ἐλαύνω drive, set in motion ἐλῶ, ἤλασα, -ελήλακα, ἐλήλαμαι, ἠλάθην
ἐλεύθερος –α –ον free, independent
ἐλπίς –ίδος, ἡ hope; expectation
ἐμός –ή –όν my, mine
ἐν in, among (+ dat.)
ἐναντίος –α –ον opposite, facing; opposing
ἕνεκα because of, for the sake of (+ gen.)
ἔνθα there
ἐνταῦθα here, there
ἔξω outside; except
ἔοικα be like, look like (+ dat.); seem; befit; ptc. εἰκώς; τὸ εἰκός, that which is likely, plausible
ἐπεί after, since, when
ἔπειτα then, next
ἐπί upon, in the time of (+ gen.); upon, next to (+ dat.); on to, against (+ acc.)
ἐπιστήμη –ης, ἡ knowledge, understanding, skill
ἕπομαι follow (+ dat.) ἕψομαι, 2 aor. ἑσπόμην
ἔπος ἔπoυς, τό word, speech, tale; prophecy
ἐργάζομαι work, labor ἐργάσομαι, εἰργασάμην, εἴργασμαι
ἔργον –ου, τό work, achievement, exploit
ἔρομαι ask, ask one about (+ double acc.) ἐρήσομαι, 2 aor. ἠρόμην
ἔρχομαι come, go, fut. εἶμι or ἐλεύσομαι, 2 aor. ἦλθον, ἐλήλυθα
ἐρωτάω ask someone (acc.) something (acc.); question, beg ἐρήσομαι, 2 aor. ἠρόμην
ἕτερος –α –ον other
ἔτι still, yet
ἔτος ἔτους, τό year
εὖ well
εὐθύς –εῖα –ύ straight, direct; (adv.) immediately
εὑρίσκω find (out), discover, devise εὑρήσω, 2 aor. ηὗρον or εὗρον, ηὕρηκα or εὕρηκα, εὕρημαι, εὑρέθην
ἐχθρός –ά –όν hated, hateful; hostile to (+ dat.)
ἔχω have, hold, keep ἕξω or σχήσω, 2 aor. ἔσχον, ἔσχηκα, impf. εἶχον
ἕως until; while, so long as
ζάω live ζήσω, ἔζησα, ἔζηκα
ζητέω seek ζητήσω, ἐζήτησα, ἐζήτηκα
ζῷον –ου, τό living being, animal
ἤ or; than (after a comparative); ἤ...ἤ either...or
ἦ truly (emphasizes what follows)
ἡγεμών ἡγεμόνος, ὁ guide, leader, commander
ἡγέομαι lead; consider ἡγήσομαι, ἡγησάμην, ἥγημαι
ἤδη already, now (of the immediate past); presently (of the immediate future)
ἡδονή –ῆς, ἡ pleasure, enjoyment
ἡδύς –εῖα –ύ sweet, pleasant
ἥκω I have come, I am present ἥξω, pf. ἧκα
ἥλιος –ου, ὁ sun
ἡμέρα –ας, ἡ day
ἡμέτερος –α –ον our
ἥσσων –ον less, weaker (comp. of κακός or μικρός)
θάλασσα –ης, ἡ the sea
θάνατος –ου, ὁ death
θαυμάζω to be in awe of, be astonished at θαυμάσομαι, ἐθαύμασα, τεθαύμακα, τεθαύμασμαι, ἐθαυμάσθην
θεῖος –α –ον divine
θεός –οῦ, ὁ/ἡ god, goddess
θνῄσκω to die, be dying θανοῦμαι, 2 aor. -έθανον, τέθνηκα
θυγάτηρ θυγατρός, ἡ daughter
θυμός –οῦ, ὁ life, spirit; soul, heart, mind
θύω sacrifice θύσω, ἔθυσα, τέθυκα, τέθυμαι, ἐτύθην
ἴδιος –α –ον one’s own; peculiar, separate, distinct
ἱερός –ά –όν holy, venerated, divine
ἵημι put in motion, let go, shoot; (mid.) hasten, rush ἥσω, -ἧκα, -εἷκα, -εἷμαι, -εἵθην
ἱκανός –ή –όν sufficient, enough; competent, able to (+ infin.)
ἵνα in order that (conj. + subj. or opt.); where (rel. adv. + indic.)
ἱππεύς ἱππέως, ὁ horseman, rider, charioteer
ἵππος –ου, ὁ horse
ἴσος –η –ον equal, the same as (+ dat.); (adv.) ἴσως equally, probably, perhaps
ἵστημι make to stand, set στήσω will set, ἔστησα set, caused to stand, 2 aor. ἔστην stood, ἕστηκα stand, plup. εἱστήκη stood, ἐστάθην stood
ἰσχυρός –ά –όν strong
καθίστημι set down, establish; bring into a certain state, render καταστήσω, κατέστησα, κατέστην, καθέστηκα, plupf. καθειστήκη, κατεστάθην
καί and, also, even; καί...καί both...and
καιρός –οῦ, ὁ the right time
καίτοι and indeed, and yet
κακός –ή –όν bad, wicked, cowardly
καλέω call, summon καλῶ, ἐκάλεσα, κέκληκα, κέκλημαι, ἐκλήθην
καλός –ή –όν beautiful, noble, honorable
κἄν even if = καὶ ἐάν (+ subj.)
κατά down, down (from or along), throughout, according to; κατὰ γῆν by land; κατὰ φύσιν in accordance with nature; κατ’ ἔθνη by nations; καθ’ ἕνα one by one
καταλαμβάνω seize, catch up with, arrest, compel καταλήψομαι, κατέλαβον, κατείληφα, κατείλημμαι, κατελήφθην
κατασκευάζω equip, furnish, make ready κατασκευάσω, κατεσκεύασα
κατηγορέω to speak against, to accuse (+ gen.) κατηγορήσω, κατηγόρησα, κατηγόρηκα, κατηγόρημαι, κατηγορήθην
κεῖμαι lie, be situated, be laid up in store, be set up, be established or ordained (used as pf. pass. of τίθημι), fut. κείσομαι
κελεύω order, bid, command (+ acc. and infin.) κελεύσω, ἐκέλευσα, κεκέλευκα, κεκέλευσμαι, ἐκελεύσθην
κεφαλή –ῆς, ἡ head
κίνδυνος –ου, ὁ danger
κινέω set in motion, move, rouse κινήσω, ἐκίνησα, κεκίνηκα, κεκίνημαι, ἐκινήθην
κοινός –ή –όν common, shared, mutual
κομίζω take care of, provide for κομιῶ, ἐκόμισα, κεκόμικα, κεκόμισμαι, ἐκομίσθην
κόσμος –ου, ὁ order; ornament, decoration, adornment; world, universe
κρατέω be victorious, conquer, rule, surpass, excel (+ gen.) κρατήσω, ἐκράτησα, κεκράτηκα, κεκράτημαι, ἐκρατήθην
κρείσσων –ον stronger, mightier; better, more excellent (comp. of ἀγαθός)
κρίνω judge, decide, determine κρινῶ, ἔκρινα, κέκρικα, κέκριμαι, ἐκρίθην
κτάομαι get, gain, acquire κτήσομαι, ἐκτησάμην, κέκτημαι
κύκλος –ου, ὁ circle, ring, orb, disc, circular motion
κύριος –ου, ὁ lord, master
κωλύω hinder, check, prevent (+ acc. and infin.) κωλύσω, ἐκώλυσα, κεκώλυκα, κεκώλυμαι, ἐκωλύθην (+ acc. and infin.)
λαλέω talk, chatter, babble λαλήσω, ἐλάλησα, λελάληκα, ἐλαλήθην
λαμβάνω take, grasp, seize; receive, get λήψομαι, ἔλαβον, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι, ἐλήφθην
λαμπρός –ά –όν bright, brilliant; well-known, illustrious
λανθάνω escape the notice of (+ acc. and nom. participle), be unknown; (mid. and pass.) forget λήσω, ἔλαθον, λέληθα
λαός –οῦ, ὁ the people, folk
λέγω say, speak (of), recount; pick up, collect, count ἐρῶ, εἶπον, εἴρηκα, λέλεγμαι, ἐλέχθην and ἐρρήθην
λείπω leave, abandon λείψω, ἔλιπον, λέλοιπα, λέλειμμαι, ἐλείφθην
λίθος –ου, ὁ stone
λόγος –ου, ὁ word, speech, discourse; thought, reason, account
λοιπός –ή –όν rest, remaining, rest-of-the
λύω loosen, unbind, set free; undo, destroy λύσω, ἔλυσα, λέλυκα, λέλυμαι, ἐλύθην
μακρός –ά –όν long, tall, large, long-lasting
μάλα very, very much
μάλιστα most, most of all; (in replies) certainly
μᾶλλον more, rather; μᾶλλον...ἤ rather than
μανθάνω learn, ascertain μαθήσομαι, ἔμαθον, μεμάθηκα
μάρτυς μάρτυρος, ὁ/ἡ witness
μάχη –ης, ἡ battle
μάχομαι fight μαχοῦμαι, ἐμαχεσάμην, μεμάχημαι
μέγας μεγάλη μέγα big, great, powerful
μέγεθος –ους, τό greatness, size, magnitude
μέλλω (+ infin.) think of doing, intend to, be about to μελλήσω, ἐμέλλησα
μέν...δέ on the one hand...on the other hand; μέν (by itself) indeed
μέντοι however; of course
μένω stay, remain, endure, await μενῶ, ἔμεινα, μεμένηκα
μέρος –ους, τό part, share
μέσος –η –ον middle, in the middle, moderate; τὸ μέσον midst
μετά with (+ gen.); after (+ acc.)
μεταξύ between
μέχρι (+ gen.) until, as far as
μή not (μή marks the negative as subjective or conditional); εἰ μή if not, except
μηδέ and not
μηδείς μηδεμία μηδέν no one, nothing
μήν [emphasizes preceding particle]
μήτε and not; μήτε...μήτε neither...nor
μήτηρ μητρός, ἡ mother
μίγνυμι mix, mingle μείξω, ἔμειξα, μέμειγμαι, ἐμείχθην
μικρός –ά –όν small, little, short
μιμνήσκω remind; (in pf. mid.) remember -μνήσω, -έμνησα, pf. μέμνημαι, ἐμνήσθην
μόνος –η –ον alone, single; μόνον (adv.) only
μυρίος –α –ον countless; μύριοι 10,000; μυριάς -άδος ἡ 10,000, a countless amount
ναί indeed, yes (used in strong affirmation)
ναός ναοῦ (Att. νεώς), ὁ temple
ναῦς νεώς, ἡ ship
νέος –α –ον young, new, fresh
νῆσος –ου, ἡ island
νικάω conquer, win νικήσω, ἐνίκησα, νενίκηκα, νενίκημαι, ἐνικήθην
νίκη –ης, ἡ victory
νομίζω think, believe that (+ acc. and infin.); hold as a custom, be accustomed to (+ infin.) νομιῶ, ἐνόμισα, νενόμικα, νενόμισμαι, ἐνομίσθην
νόμος –ου, ὁ custom, tradition, law
νόσος –ου, ὁ disease, sickness
νοῦς (νόος), νοῦ (νόου), ὁ mind, perception, sense
νῦν, νυνί now
νύξ νυκτός, ἡ night
ξένος –ου, ὁ guest-friend; foreigner, stranger
ὁ ἡ τό the
ὅδε ἥδε τόδε this
ὁδός –οῦ, ἡ road, way, path
ὅθεν from where, whence
οἶδα to know (pf. in pres. sense); to know how to (+ infin.), infin. εἰδέναι, imper. ἴσθι, plupf. used as impf. ᾔδειν
οἰκεῖος –α –ον domestic, of the house; one’s own; fitting, suitable
οἰκέω inhabit, occupy οἰκήσω, ᾤκησα, ᾤκηκα, ᾠκήθην
οἰκία –ας, ἡ building, house, dwelling
οἶκος –ου, ὁ house, home, family
οἴομαι, οἶμαι think, suppose, imagine that (+ acc. and infin.) ᾠήθην, impf. ᾤμην
οἷος –α –ον such as, of what sort, like; (exclam.) what a!, how! ; οἷός τε (+ infin.) fit or able to; οἷόν τε (+ infin.) it is possible to
ὀλίγος –η –ον little, small, few
ὅλος –η –ον whole, entire, complete
ὅμοιος –α –ον like, resembling (+ dat.)
ὁμολογέω agree ὁμολογήσω, ὡμολόγησα, ὡμολόγηκα, ὡμολόγημαι, ὡμολογήθην
ὅμως nevertheless, all the same
ὄνομα –ατος, τό name; fame
ὀνομάζω call by name ὀνομάσω, ὠνόμασα, ὠνόμακα, ὠνόμασμαι, ὠνομάσθην
ὀξύς –εῖα –ύ sharp, keen, shrill, pungent
ὅπλον –ου, τό weapon, tool, implement (mostly pl.)
ὅπου where, wherever
ὅπως how, as; so that (+ subj. or opt.)
ὁράω see, look (to) ὄψομαι, 2 aor. εἶδον, ἑόρακα and ἑώρακα, ὤφθην, impf. ἑώρων
ὀρθός –ή –όν upright, straight, true, regular
ὁρμάω set in motion, urge on; (intrans.) start, hasten on ὁρμήσω, ὥρμησα, ὥρμηκα, ὥρμημαι, ὡρμήθην
ὄρος –ους, τό mountain, hill
ὅς ἥ ὅ who, which, that
ὅσος –η –ον however much; as great as; (in pl.) as many as; ὅσον (adv.) as much as
ὅσπερ ἥπερ ὅπερ the very one who, the very thing which
ὅστις ἥτις ὅ τι anyone who, anything which; (in indir. quest.) who, which, what
ὅταν whenever (+ subj.) = ὄτε + ἄν
ὅτε when, whenever (+ indic. or opt.)
ὅτι because, that; (with superl.) as...as possible
οὐ οὐκ οὐχ not (with indicative verbs)
οὐδέ and not, but not, nor; οὐδέ...οὐδέ not even...nor yet
οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν no one, nothing
οὐκέτι no longer, no more
οὐκοῦν surely then (inviting assent to an inference)
οὖν therefore, accordingly; at any rate
οὐρανός –οῦ, ὁ sky, heaven
οὐσία –ας, ἡ substance, property; essence
οὔτε and not; οὔτε...οὔτε neither...nor
οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this, these; μετὰ ταῦτα after this
οὕτως in this way
ὀφθαλμός –οῦ, ὁ eye
πάθος –ους, τό incident, accident, misfortune, experience; passion, emotion; state, condition
παῖς παιδός, ὁ/ἡ son, daughter, child; slave
παλαιός –ά –όν old, ancient
πάλιν back, backwards
πάντως altogether, in all ways; at any rate
πάνυ altogether, entirely
παρά from (+ gen.); beside (+ dat.); to, to the side of, contrary to (+ acc.)
παραδίδωμι transmit, hand over, surrender παραδώσω, παρέδωκα, παραδέδωκα, παραδέδομαι, παρεδόθην
παρασκευάζω get ready, prepare, provide παρασκευάσω, παρεσκεύασα
πάρειμι be present, be ready or at hand; (impers.) πάρεστί μοι it depends on me, it is in my power; τὰ παρόντα the present circumstances; τὸ παρόν just now
παρέχω provide παρέξω, παρέσχον, παρέσχηκα, impf. παρεῖχον
πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν every, all; whole (with article)
πάσχω suffer, experience, be affected in a certain way (+ adv.) πείσομαι, ἔπαθον, πέπονθα
πατήρ πατρός, ὁ father
πατρίς –ίδος, ἡ fatherland
παύω stop, put an end to; (mid.) cease παύσω, ἔπαυσα, πέπαυκα, πέπαυμαι, ἐπαύθην
πείθω persuade, win over; (mid. and pass.) obey, believe in, trust in (+ dat.) πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέποιθα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην
πειράω (usually mid. πειράομαι) attempt, try, make a trial of (+ gen.) πειράσομαι, ἐπείρασα, πεπείραμαι, ἐπειράθην
πέμπω send πέμψω, ἔπεμψα, πέπομφα, πέπεμμαι, ἐπέμφθην
-περ particle suffixed to pronouns and other particles for emphasis
περί around, about; concerning (+ gen.)
πίνω drink πίομαι, 2 aor. ἔπιον, πέπωκα, -πέπομαι, -επόθην
πίπτω fall, fall down πεσοῦμαι, ἔπεσον, πέπτωκα
πιστεύω trust, rely on, believe in (+ dat.) πιστεύσω, ἐπίστευσα, πεπίστευκα, πεπίστευμαι, ἐπιστεύθην
πίστις –εως, ἡ trust in others, faith; that which gives confidence, assurance, pledge, guarantee
πλεῖστος –η –ον most, greatest, largest (superl. of πολύς)
πλείων πλέων more, larger; (adv.) πλέον more, rather (comp. of πολύς)
πλέω sail πλεύσομαι, ἔπλευσα, πέπλευκα, πέπλευσμαι, ἐπλεύσθην
πλῆθος πλήθους, τό mass, throng, crowd
πλήν except (+ gen.); πλὴν ὅτι except that
πνεῦμα –ατος, τό wind, breath, spirit
ποιέω make, produce, cause, do; (mid.) consider, reckon ποιήσω, ἐποίησα, πεποίηκα, πεποίημαι, ἐποιήθην
ποιητής –οῦ, ὁ creator, poet
ποῖος –α –ον what sort of?
πολεμέω make war πολεμήσω, ἐπολέμησα, πεπολέμηκα
πολέμιος –α –ον hostile; οἱ πολέμιοι the enemy
πόλεμος –ου ὁ war
πόλις –εως, ἡ city, city-state
πολιτεία –ας, ἡ constitution, citizenship, republic
πολλάκις often
πολύς πολλή πολύ much, many; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ for the most part
πονηρός –ά –όν worthless, bad, wicked
πόνος –ου, ὁ work, labor; stress, trouble, pain
πορεύω carry; (mid. and pass) go, walk, march πορεύσω, ἐπόρευσα, πεπόρευμαι, ἐπορεύθην
ποταμός –οῦ, ὁ river, stream
πότε when?
ποτε (enclitic) at some time, once
πότερος –α –ον which of the two? (adv.) πότερον whether
ποῦ, where?
που (enclitic) somewhere; I suppose, perhaps (to qualify an assertion)
πούς ποδός, ὁ foot
πρᾶγμα –ατος, τό thing; (pl.) circumstances, affairs, business
πρᾶξις –εως, ἡ action, transaction, business
πράσσω do, achieve, accomplish; do or fare in a certain way (+ adv.) πράξω, ἔπραξα, πέπραχα, πέπραγμαι, ἐπράχθην
πρέσβυς πρέσβεως, ὁ old man; (pl.) ambassadors
πρίν before, formerly; (conj.) before, until
πρό before, in front of (+ gen.)
πρός from the side of, in the presence of (+ gen.); near, at, in addition to (+ dat.); to, towards, in relation to (+ acc.)
προσήκων –ουσα –ον belonging to, befitting; οἱ προσήκοντες relatives; τὰ προσήκοντα duties
προστίθημι add; (med.) join προσθήσω, προσέθηκα, προστέθηκα, προστέθειμαι (but commonly προσκεῖμαι instead), προσετέθην
πρόσωπον –ου, τό face, mask, person
πρότερος –α –ον before, earlier; τὸ πρότερον previously, before
πρῶτος –η –ον first, foremost, earliest; (adv.) τὸ πρῶτον in the first place
πυνθάνομαι learn, hear, inquire concerning (+ gen.) πεύσομαι, 2 aor. ἐπυθόμην, πέπυσμαι
πῦρ πυρός, τό fire
πῶς how?
πως (enclitic) somehow, in some way, in any way
ῥᾴδιος –α –ον easy
σαφής –ές clear
σημεῖον –ου, τό sign, signal, mark
σκοπέω look at, watch; look into, consider, examine σκοπήσω, ἐσκόπησα
σός σή σόν your, yours (sg.; ὑμέτερος = pl.)
σοφός –ή –όν wise, clever, skilled
στάδιον σταδίου, τό (pl. στάδια and στάδιοι) stadion or stade, the longest Greek unit of linear measure, about 185 meters
στόμα –ατος, τό mouth, face, opening
στρατηγός –οῦ, ὁ leader of an army, commander, general
στρατιά –ᾶς, ἡ or στρατός –οῦ, ὁ army
στρατιώτης –ου, ὁ soldier
σύ, σοῦ, (sg.; pl. = ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν)
συμβαίνω meet, come to an agreement, correspond; happen, occur, come to pass; turn out in a certain way (+ adv.), result συμβήσομαι, 2 aor. συνέβην, συμβέβηκα
σύμμαχος –ον allied with (+ dat. of accompaniment or means); οἱ σύμμαχοι allies
συμφέρω benefit, be useful or profitable to (+ dat.) συνοίσω, 1 aor. συνήνεγκα; (impers.) συμφέρει it is of use, expedient (+ infin.); τὸ συμφέρον use, profit, advantage
συμφορά –ᾶς, ἡ event, circumstance, misfortune
σύν with (+ dat. of accompaniment or means)
σχῆμα –ατος, τό form, figure, appearance, character
σῴζω save σώσω, ἔσωσα, σέσωκα, ἐσώθην
σῶμα –ατος, τό body
σωτηρία σωτηρίας, ἡ safety, deliverance
τάξις –εως, ἡ arrangement, order; military unit
τάσσω arrange, put in order τάξω, ἔταξα, τέταχα, τέταγμαι, ἐτάχθην
ταχύς –εῖα –ύ quick, fast; (adv.) τάχα quickly; perhaps
τε and (postpositive enclitic); τε…τε both…and
τεῖχος –ους, τό wall
τέκνον –ου, τό child
τελευτάω finish; die τελευτήσω, ἐτελεύτησα, τετελεύτηκα, τετελεύτημαι, ἐτελευτήθην
τέλος –ους, τό end, fulfillment, achievement
τέμνω cut, cut down, cut to pieces τεμῶ, 2 aor. ἔτεμον, -τέτμηκα, τέτμημαι, ἐτμήθην
τέχνη –ης, ἡ art, skill, craft
τίθημι to put, place; establish, ordain, institute; put in a certain state θήσω, ἔθηκα, τέθηκα, τέθειμαι (but usu. κεῖμαι instead), ἐτέθην
τίκτω beget, give birth to, produce τέξω or τέξομαι, ἔτεκον, τέτοκα
τιμάω to honor τιμήσω, ἐτίμησα, τετίμηκα, τετίμημαι, ἐτιμήθην
τιμή –ῆς, ἡ honor, esteem; price, value; office, magistracy
τίς τί who? what? which? (interrog. pron./adj.)
τις τι someone, something, anyone, anything, some, any (enclitic indef. pron./adj.)
τοίνυν therefore, accordingly (inferential); further, moreover (resumptive)
τοιόσδε τοιάδε τοιόνδε such as this, such as follows
τοιοῦτος τοιαύτη τοιοῦτο such as this
τολμάω have the courage, dare; undertake, undergo τολμήσω, ἐτόλμησα, τετόλμηκα, τετόλμημαι, ἐτολμήθην
τόπος –ου, ὁ place; topic
τοσοῦτος –αύτη –οῦτο(ν) so large, so much
τότε then, at that time; οἱ τότε the men of that time (opp. οἱ νῦν)
τρέπω turn, direct towards a thing; put to flight, defeat; (pass.) turn one’s steps in a certain direction, go τρέψω, ἔτρεψα, τέτροφα, ἐτράπην
τρέφω nourish, feed, support, maintain; rear, educate θρέψω, ἔθρεψα, τέθραμμαι, ἐτράφην
τρόπος –ου, ὁ way, manner, fashion; way of life, habit, custom
τροφή –ῆς, ἡ nourishment, food
τυγχάνω hit, light upon, meet by chance (+ gen.); reach, gain, obtain; happen to be (+ ptc.) τεύξομαι, ἔτυχον, τετύχηκα, τέτυγμαι, ἐτύχθην
τύχη –ης, ἡ luck, fortune (good or bad), fate, chance
ὕδωρ ὕδατος, τό water
υἱός –οῦ, ὁ son
ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν you (pl.; σύ = sg.)
ὑμέτερος –α –ον your, yours (pl.; σός = sg.)
ὑπάρχω exist, be, belong to ὑπάρξω, ὑπῆρξα, ὑπῆργμαι, ὑπήρχθην; τὰ ὑπάρχοντα existing circumstances
ὑπέρ for, concerning, on behalf of (+ gen.); beyond (+ acc.)
ὑπό under (+ gen., dat.); by (+ gen. of personal agent); down under (+ acc.)
ὑπολαμβάνω take up, seize; answer, reply; assume, suppose ὑπολήψομαι, ὑπέλαβον, ὑπείληφα, ὑπείλημμαι, ὑπελήφθην
ὕστερος –α –ον coming after, following (+ gen.); next, later; (adv.) ὕστερον afterwards
φαίνω bring to light, make appear, make clear; (pass.) come to light, be seen, appear, appear to be (+ ptc. or infin.) φανῶ, ἔφηνα, πέφηνα, πέφασμαι, ἐφάνην
φανερός –ά –όν clear, evident
φέρω carry, bring, fetch; bear, endure; carry off or away οἴσω, 1 aor. ἤνεγκα, 2 aor. ἤνεγκον, ἐνήνοχα, ἐνήνεγμαι, ἠνέχθην; φέρε come now, well
φεύγω flee, run away, avoid, shun φεύξομαι, ἔφυγον, πέφευγα
φημί say, assert, declare φήσω, impf. ἔφην; οὐ φημί deny, refuse, say that...not
φίλος –η –ον beloved, dear; friendly
φοβέω put to flight; (mid. and pass.) flee, fear φοβήσω, ἐφόβησα, πεφόβημαι, ἐφοβήθην
φόβος –ου, ὁ panic, fear, flight
φράζω tell, declare; (mid. and pass.) think (about) φράσω, ἔφρασα, πέφρακα, πέφρασμαι, ἐφράσθην
φρονέω think, intend to (+ infin.); be minded towards (+ adv. and dat.) φρονήσω, ἐφρόνησα
φυλάσσω watch, guard, defend; (mid.) be on one’s guard against (+ acc.) φυλάξω, ἐφύλαξα, πεφύλαχα, πεφύλαγμαι, ἐφυλάχθην
φύσις –εως, ἡ nature; (of the mind) one’s nature or disposition; regular order of nature
φύω bring forth, produce, beget φύσω, ἔφυσα, 2 aor. ἔφυν grew, πέφυκα be by nature
φωνή φωνῆς, ἡ sound, voice
φῶς φωτός, τό light, daylight
χαίρω to be happy, rejoice at (+ dat.), take joy in (+ ptc.) χαιρήσω, κεχάρηκα, κεχάρημαι, ἐχάρην; χαῖρε, (pl.) χαίρετε hello, goodbye
χαλεπός –ή –όν difficult, troublesome
χαλκοῦς ῆ οῦν of copper or bronze
χάρις -ιτος, ἡ splendor, honor, glory; favor, goodwill, gratitude, thanks
χείρ χειρός, ἡ hand
χείρων –ονος ὁ/ἡ worse, inferior (comp. of κακός)
χράομαι use, experience, suffer (+ dat.); treat someone in a certain way (+ dat. and adv.) χρήσομαι, ἐχρησάμην, κέχρημαι, ἐχρήσθην
χρή it is necessary, it is fated, one ought (+ infin. or + acc. and infin.) impf. χρῆν or ἐχρῆν, infin. χρῆναι
χρῆμα –ατος, τό thing, matter; (more commonly in pl.) goods or property, esp. money
χρήσιμος –η –ον useful, serviceable
χρόνος –ου, ὁ time
χώρα χώρας, ἡ land; place
χωρίον χωρίου, τό place, spot, district
χωρίς separately, apart; (+ gen.) without, separate from
ψυχή –ῆς, ἡ breath, life, soul
ὦ oh! ; unemphatic when with the vocative
ὧδε thus, in this way; hither, here
ὡς as, since; (introducing purpose clause) so that (+ subj./opt.); (introducing indir. statement) that
ὥσπερ just as, as if
ὥστε (introducing natural or actual result clause) so as, so that, (with the result) that
