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Numbers (ordinal and cardinal) 1-10, 20, 30, 100
ἀγαθός -ή -όν good, virtuous, brave, noble
ἀγγέλλω report, tell ἀγγελῶ, ἤγγειλα, ἤγγελκα, ἤγγελμαι, ἠγγέλθην ἀγγελῶ, ἤγγειλα, ἤγγελκα, ἤγγελμαι, ἠγγέλθην
ἄγω lead, carry, bring; celebrate (a festival), pass (time) ἄξω, ἤγαγον, ἦχα, ἦγμαι, ἤχθην
ἀγών -ῶνος, ὁ contest
ἀδελφός -οῦ, ὁ brother
ἀδικέω do wrong; injure ἀδικήσω, ἠδίκησα, ἠδίκηκα, ἠδίκημαι, ἠδικήθην
ἄδικος -ον unjust
ἀδύνατος -ον impossible
ἀεί always
αἷμα -ατος, τό blood
αἱρέω take, grasp, take by force; (mid.) choose αἱρήσω, 2 aor. εἷλον, ᾕρηκα, ᾕρημαι, ᾑρέθην
αἴρω take up, raise, lift up ἀρῶ, ἦρα, ἦρκα, ἦρμαι, ἤρθην
αἰσθάνομαι perceive, understand, hear, learn αἰσθήσομαι, 2 aor. ᾐσθόμην, ᾔσθημαι
αἰσχρός -ά -όν ugly, shameful, disgraceful
αἰτέω ask, ask for, ask a question of, beg αἰτήσω, ᾔτησα, ᾔτηκα, ᾔτημαι, ᾐτήθη
αἰτία -ας, ἡ cause, origin; charge, accusation
αἴτιος -α -ον responsible, guilty
ἀκούω hear ἀκούσομαι, ἤκουσα, ἀκήκοα, plup. ἠκηκόη or ἀκηκόη, ἠκούσθην
ἀλήθεια -ας, ἡ truth
ἀληθής -ές true
ἁλίσκομαι to be taken, conquered (act. supplied by αἱρέω) ἁλώσομαι, 2 aor. ἑάλων, ἑάλωκα
ἀλλά but
ἀλλήλων (oblique cases only) one another
ἄλλος -η -ον other; ἄλλως otherwise
ἅμα at the same time
ἁμαρτάνω miss, fail, be wrong, make a mistake ἁμαρτήσομαι, ἡμάρτησα, aor. 2 ἥμαρτον, ἡμάρτηκα,ἡμάρτημαι, ἡμαρτήθην
ἀμείνων –ον better, abler, stronger, braver
ἀμφίabout, around
ἀμφότερος -α -ον both
ἄν generalizes dependent clauses with the subjunctive; makes independent clauses less real (contrary to fact)
ἀνά up, on(+gen., dat., acc.)
ἀνάγκη -ης, ἡ necessity
ἀναιρέω raise, take up; kill, destroy ἀναιρήσω, ἀνεῖλον, ἀνῄρηκα , ἀνῄρημαι, ἀνῃρέθην
ἄνευ without (+ gen.)
ἀνήρ ἀνδρός, ὁ man
ἄνθρωπος -ου, ὁ/ἡ human being
ἀντί opposite (+gen.)
ἄνω up
ἄξιος -α -ον worthy
ἀξιόω consider worthy ἀξιώσω, ἠξίωσα, ἠξίωκα, ἠξίωμαι, ἠξιώθην
ἀπαλλάσσω set free, release, deliver ἀπαλλάξω, ἀπήλλαξα, ἀπήλλαχα, ἀπήλλαγμαι, ἀπηλλάχθην or ἀπηλλάγην
ἅπας, ἅπασα ἅπαν all together
ἁπλῶς singly, in one way
ἀπό from (+gen.)
ἀποδίδωμι give back; render; allow; (mid.) sell ἀποδώσω, 1 aor. ἀπέδωκα in s., 2 aor. in pl. ἀπέδομεν, ἀποδέδωκα, ἀποδέδομαι, ἀπεδόθην
ἀποθνῄσκω die ἀποθανοῦμαι, 2 aor. ἀπέθανον, ἀποτέθνηκα
ἀποκρίνω separate, set apart; (mid.) answer, reply ἀποκρινῶ, fut. mid. ἀποκρινοῦμαι, ἀπεκρινάμην, ἀπεκρίθη
ἀποκτείνω kill ἀποκτενῶ, ἀπέκτεινα, ἀπέκτονα
ἀπόλλυμι kill, destroy; (mid.) perish, die ἀπολῶ, ἀπώλεσα, aor. 2 mid. ἀπωλόμην, ἀπολώλεκα, pf. mid. ἀπόλωλα
ἄρα so then
ἆρα particle introducing a question
ἀργύριον -ου, τό money
ἀρετή -ῆς, ἡ excellence
ἀριθμός -οῦ, ὁ number
ἄριστος –η –ον best, noblest
ἀρχή -ῆς, ἡ beginning, origin; rule, empire, realm; magistracy
ἄρχω to begin (+ gen.); to lead, rule, govern (+ gen.) ἄρξω, ἦρξα, ἦργμαι, ἤρχθην
αὖ, αὖθις again
αὐτίκα at once, immediately
αὐτός -ή -ό self, same, s/he/it
ἀφαιρέω take from, take away ἀφαιρήσω, ἀφεῖλον, ἀφῄρηκα, ἀφῄρημαι, ἀφηρέθην
ἀφίημι send forth, let go, loose; utter (words); leave alone, neglect ἀφήσω, ἀφῆκα, ἀφεῖκα, ἀφεῖμαι, ἀφείθην
ἀφικνέομαι come to, arrive at ἀφίξομαι, 2 aor. ἀφ-ικόμην, ἀφῖγμαι
βαίνω walk, come, go -βήσομαι, 2 aor. -ἔβην, βέβηκα
βάλλω throw; hit (with) (+ acc.) βαλῶ, 2 aor. ἔβαλον, βέβληκα, βέβλημαι, ἐβλήθην
βάρβαρος -ον barbarous, not Greek, foreign
βαρύς –εῖα –ύ heavy, grievous, tiresome
βασιλεύς βασιλέως, ὁ king
βελτίων better (comp. of ἀγαθός)
βίος -ου, ὁlife
βλέπω see, look βλέψομαι, ἔβλεψα
βοηθέω come to the aid of, assist (+ dat.) βοηθήσω, ἐβοήθησα, βεβοήθηκα
βουλεύω take counsel, deliberate, resolve βουλεύσω, ἐβούλευσα, βεβούλευκα, βεβούλευμαι, ἐβουλεύθην
βουλή -ῆς, ἡ will, determination; counsel, piece of advice; council of elders, senate
βούλομαι will, wish, be willing, prefer βουλήσομαι, βεβούλημαι, ἐβουλήθην; ὁβουλόμενος anyone who likes
βοῦς βοός, ὁ/ἡ bull, ox, cow
γάρ for, because
γε at least, at any rate (qualifying the word it follows)
γένος -ους, τό race, family; kind, class
γῆ γῆς, ἡ earth
γίγνομαι be born; take place, come to pass, become γενήσομαι, 2 aor. ἐγενόμην, 2 perf. γέγονα, γεγένημαι, ἐγενήθην
γιγνώσκω come to know, learn; judge, think, or determine that (+ acc. and infin.) γνώσομαι, ἔγνων, ἔγνωκα, ἔγνωσμαι, ἐγνώσθην
γλῶσσα -ης, ἡ tongue; language
γνώμη -ης, ἡ thought, intelligence, opinion, purpose
γράμμα -ατος, τό letter, written character; (pl.) piece of writing, documents
γραφή -ῆς, ἡ a drawing, writing; indictment
γράφω write γράψω, ἔγραψα, γέγραφα, γέγραμμαι, ἐγράφην
δαίμων -ονος, ὁ/ἡ spirit, god, demon
δέ and, but
δεῖ it is necessary, one must, one ought (+ acc. and infin.) δεήσει, impf. ἔδει)
δείδω fear δείσομαι, ἔδεισα, δέδοικα
δείκνυμι show, point out δείξω, ἔδειξα, δέδειχα, δέδειγμαι, ἐδείχθην
δεινός -ή -όν awesome, terrible
δεσπότης -ου, ὁ master
δέχομαι take, accept; welcome, entertain δέξομαι, ἐδεξάμην, δέδεγμαι, -εδέχθην
δέω lack, miss, stand in need of (+ gen.) δεήσω, ἐδέησα, δεδέηκα, δεδέημαι, ἐδεήθην
δή surely, really, now, in fact, indeed (gives greater exactness to the words it influences)
δῆλος -η -ον visible, clear, manifest
δηλόω show δηλώσω, ἐδήλωσα, δεδήλωκα, ἐδηλώθην
δῆμος -ου, ὁ people
διά through, during (+ gen.); because of (+ acc.)
διαφέρω carry in different ways, spread; differ; (impers.) διαφέρει it makes a difference to (+ dat.), διοίσω, 1 aor. διήνεγκα, 2 aor. διήνεγκον, 2 perf. διενήνοχα, διενήνεγμαι
διαφθείρω destroy διαφθερῶ, διέφθειρα, διέφθαρκα, διέφθαρμαι, διεφθάρην
διαφορά -ᾶς, ἡ difference, disagreement
διδάσκω teach διδάξω, ἐδίδαξα, δεδίδαχα, δεδίδαγμαι, ἐδιδάχθην
δίδωμι give δώσω, 1 aor. ἔδωκα in s., 2 aor. in pl. ἔδομεν, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην
δίκαιος -α -ονjust
δίκη -ης, ἡ right, justice, custom; lawsuit, trial, penalty
διώκω pursue διώξομαι, ἐδίωξα, δεδίωχα, ἐδιώχθην
δοκέω think, suppose, imagine (+ acc. and infin.); seem, seem good; (impers.) δοκεῖμοι it seems to me
δόξα -ης, ἡ opinion, judgment; reputation, honor, glory
δοῦλος -ου, ὁ slave
δράω do δράσω, ἔδρασα, δέδρακα, δέδραμαι, ἐδράσθην
δύναμαι (Dep.) to be able, capable, can δυνήσομαι, ἐδυνήθην, δεδύνημαι
δύναμις -εως, ἡ power
δυνατός -ή -όν able
ἐάν = εἰ+ἄν
ἑαυτοῦ -ῆς -οῦ himself/herself/itself
ἐάω allow, permit (+ acc. and infin.); let be, let alone ἐάσω, εἴασα
ἐγώ ἐμοῦ, (pl.) ἡμεῖς ἡμῶν I, we
ἐθέλω wish, be willing ἐθελήσω, ἠθέλησα, ἠθέληκα
ἔθνος -ους, τό nation
εἰ, εἴπερ if
εἶδον I saw aor. 2 of ὁράω, act. inf. ἰδεῖν, mid. inf. ἰδέσθαι
εἶδος -ους, τό form, shape, figure; class, kind, sort
εἰκός εἰκότος, τό likelihood, probability
εἰμί to be, to exist ἔσομαι, impf. ἦν, inf. εἶναι
εἶμι I will go fut. of ἔρχομαι, infin. ἰέναι, ptc. ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν
εἶπον to say, speak (aor., cp. λέγω, φημί)
εἰρήνη -ης, ἡ peace
εἰς into, to, towards (+acc.)
εἶτα then, next
εἴτε...εἴτε either…or
ἐκ, ἐξ from, out of (+gen.)
ἕκαστος -η -ον each
ἑκάτερος -α -ον each of two
ἐκεῖ there
ἐκεῖνος ἐκείνη ἐκεῖνο that person or thing; ἐκεῖνος … οὗτος the former … the latter
ἐλάσσων -ον smaller, less
ἐλαύνω drive, set in motion ἐλῶ, ἤλασα, -ελήλακα, ἐλήλαμαι, ἠλάθην
ἐλεύθερος -α -ον free
ἐλπίς -ίδος, ἡ hope
ἐμός -ή -όν my, mine
ἐν in, among (+dat.)
ἐναντίος -α -ον opposite
ἕνεκα because of (+gen.)
ἔνθα there
ἐνταῦθα here, there
ἔξω outside; except
ἔοικα be like, look like (+dat.); seem; befit; part. εἰκώς; τὸ εἰκός, that which is likely, plausible.
ἐπεί after, since, when
ἔπειτα then, next
ἐπί upon, in the time of (+ gen.); upon, next to (+ dat.); on to, against (+ acc.)
ἐπιστήμη -ης, ἡ knowledge
ἕπομαι follow ἕψομαι, 2 aor. ἑσπόμην
ἔπος ἔπouς, τό word
ἐργάζομαι to work, labor ἐργάσομαι, εἰργασάμην, εἴργασμαι
ἔργον -ου, τό work, achievement, exploit
ἔρομαι ask, ask one about (+ double acc.) ἐρήσομαι, 2 aor. ἠρόμην
ἔρχομαι come, go fut. εἶμι or ἐλεύσομαι, 2 aor. ἦλθον, 2 perf. ἐλήλυθα
ἐρωτάω ask ἐρήσομαι, 2 aor. ἠρόμην
ἕτερος -α -ον other
ἔτι still
ἔτος ἔτους, τό year
εὖ well
εὐθύς –εῖα –ύ straight; (adv.) immediately
εὑρίσκω find εὑρήσω, 2 aor. ηὗρον or εὗρον, ηὕρηκα or εὕρηκα, εὕρημαι, εὑρέθην
ἐχθρός -ά -όν hated, hateful; hostile (+ dat.)
ἔχω have, hold ἕξω or σχήσω, 2 aor. ἔσχον, ἔσχηκα, imperf. εἶχον
ἕως until; while
ζάω live ζήσω, ἔζησα, ἔζηκα
ζητέω seek ζητήσω, ἐζήτησα, ἐζήτηκα
ζῷον -ου, τό living being, animal
ἤ or, than
ἦ truly (emphasizes what follows)
ἡγεμών ἡγεμόνος, ὁ guide, leader, commander
ἡγέομαι (Dep.) lead; consider ἡγήσομαι, ἡγησάμην, ἥγημαι
ἤδη already
ἡδονή -ῆς, ἡ pleasure, enjoyment
ἡδύς -εῖα -ύ sweet
ἥκω to have come, to be present ἥξω, pf. ἧκα
ἥλιος -ου, ὁ sun
ἡμέρα -ας, ἡ day
ἡμέτερος -α -ον our
ἥσσων -ον less, weaker
θάλασσα -ης, ἡ the sea
θάνατος -ου, ὁ death
θαυμάζω to be in awe of, be astonished at θαυμάσομαι, ἐθαύμασα, τεθαύμακα, τεθαύμασμαι, ἐθαυμάσθην
θεῖος -α -ον divine
θεός -οῦ, ὁ/ἡ god, goddess
θνῄσκω to die, be dying θανοῦμαι, 2 aor. -έθανον, τέθνηκα
θυγάτηρ θυγατρός, ἡ daughter
θυμός -οῦ, ὁ soul, spirit
θύω sacrifice θύσω, ἔθυσα, τέθυκα, τέθυμαι, ἐτύθην
ἴδιος -α -ον one’s own; peculiar, separate, distinct
ἱερός -ά -όν holy, venerated, divine
ἵημι put in motion, let go, shoot; (mid.) hasten, rush ἥσω, -ἧκα, -εἷκα, -εἷμαι, -εἵθην
ἱκανός -ή -όν sufficient
ἵνα in order that (conj.); where (rel. adv.)
ἱππεύς ἱππέως, ὁ horseman, rider, charioteer
ἵππος -ου, ὁ horse
ἴσος -η -ον equal, the same as (+ dat.); (adv.) ἴσως equally, probably, perhaps
ἵστημι to make to stand, set στήσω shall set, ἔστησα set, caused to stand, 2 aor. ἔστην stood, 1 perf. ἕστηκα stand, plup. εἱστήκη stood, ἐστάθην
ἰσχυρός -ά -όνstrong
καθίστημι set down, establish; bring into a certain state, render καταστήσω, κατέστησα, κατέστην, καθέστηκα, plupf. καθειστήκη, κατεστάθην
καί and, also, even
καιρός -οῦ, ὁ the right time
καίτοι and indeed, and yet
κακός -ή -όν bad, wicked, cowardly
καλέω call, summon καλῶ, ἐκάλεσα, κέκληκα, κέκλημαι, ἐκλήθην
καλός -ή -όν beautiful, noble, honorable
κἄν= καὶ ἄν even if
κατά down, downwards (+ gen. or acc.)
καταλαμβάνω seize, catch up with, arrest, compel καταλήψομαι, κατέλαβον, κατείληφα, κατείλημμαι, κατελήφθην
κατασκευάζω equip, furnish, make ready κατασκευάσω, κατεσκεύασα
κατηγορέω to speak against, to accuse κατηγορήσω, κατηγόρησα, κατηγόρηκα, κατηγόρημαι, κατηγορήθην
κεῖμαι to lie, be situated, be laid up in store, be set up, be established or ordained (used as perf. pass. of τίθημι), fut. κείσομαι
κελεύω order κελεύσω, ἐκέλευσα, κεκέλευκα, κεκέλευσμαι, ἐκελεύσθην
κεφαλή -ῆς, ἡ head
κίνδυνος -ου, ὁ danger
κινέω set in motion, move, rouse κινήσω, ἐκίνησα, κεκίνηκα, κεκίνημαι, ἐκινήθην
κοινός -ή -όν common, shared, mutual
κομίζω take care of, provide for κομιῶ, ἐκόμισα, κεκόμικα, κεκόμισμαι, ἐκομίσθην
κόσμος -ου, ὁ order; ornament, decoration, adornment; world, universe
κρατέω be victorious, conquer, rule, surpass, excel (+gen.) κρατήσω, ἐκράτησα, κεκράτηκα, κεκράτημαι, ἐκρατήθην
κρείσσων -ον stronger, mightier; better, more excellent
κρίνω judge, decide, determine κρινῶ, ἔκρινα, κέκρικα, κέκριμαι, ἐκρίθην
κτάομαι (Dep.) get, gain, acquire κτήσομαι, ἐκτησάμην, κέκτημαι
κύκλος -ου, ὁ circle, ring, orb, disc, circular motion
κύριος -ου, ὁ lord, master
κωλύω hinder, check, prevent κωλύσω, ἐκώλυσα, κεκώλυκα, κεκώλυμαι, ἐκωλύθην (+ acc. and infin.)
λαλέω talk, chatter, babble λαλήσω, ἐλάλησα, λελάληκα, ἐλαλήθην
λαμβάνω take, grasp, seize; receive, get λήψομαι, ἔλαβον, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι, ἐλήφθην
λαμπρός -ά -όν bright, brilliant; well-known, illustrious
λανθάνω escape the notice of (+ acc. and participle), be unknown; (mid. and pass.) forget λήσω, ἔλαθον, λέληθα
λαός –οῦ, ὁ the people, folk
λέγω say, speak, recount; pick up, collect, count ἐρέω, εἶπον, εἴρηκα, λέλεγμαι, ἐλέχθην and ἐρρήθην
λείπω leave, abandon λείψω, ἔλιπον, λέλοιπα, λέλειμμαι, ἐλείφθην
λίθος -ου, ὁ stone
λόγος -ου, ὁ word, speech, discourse; thought, reason, account
λοιπός -ή -όν remaining
λύω loosen, unbind; undo, destroy; atone for λύσω, ἔλυσα, λέλυκα, λέλυμαι, ἐλύθην
μακρός -ά -όν long, tall, large, long-lasting
μάλα very, very much
μάλιστα most, most of all; (in replies) certainly
μᾶλλον more, rather
μανθάνω learn μαθήσομαι, ἔμαθον, μεμάθηκα
μάρτυς μάρτυρος, ὁ/ἡ witness
μάχη -ης, ἡ battle
μάχομαι to fight μαχοῦμαι, ἐμαχεσάμην, μεμάχημαι
μέγας μεγάλη μέγα big
μέγεθος -εος, τό magnitude
μέλλω to think of doing, intend to do, be about to do μελλήσω, ἐμέλλησα
μέν (on its own) indeed; (with δέ) on the one hand
μέντοι however, of course
μένω stay, remain, endure, await μενῶ, ἔμεινα, μεμένηκα
μέρος -ους, τό part, share
μέσος -η -ονmiddle, in the middle, moderate; μέσον, τό midst
μετά with (+gen.), after (+acc.)
μεταξύ between
μέχρι as far as (+ gen.), until
μή not (οὐ with indicative verbs)
μηδέ and not
μηδείς μηδεμία μηδέν no one
μήν [emphasizes preceding particle]
μήτε and not
μήτηρ μητρός, ἡ mother
μίγνυμι mix μείξω, ἔμειξα, μέμειγμαι, ἐμείχθην
μικρός -ά -όν small, little, short
μιμνήσκω remind; (in perfect middle) remember -μνήσω, -έμνησα, perf. μέμνημαι, ἐμνήσθην
μυρίος -α -ον countless; μύριοι 10,000; μυριάς -άδος ἡ 10,000, a countless amount
ναί indeed, yes (used in strong affirmation)
ναός –οῦ, ὁ temple
ναῦς νεώς, ἡ ship
νέος -α -ον young, new, fresh
νῆσος -ου, ἡ island
νικάω conquer, win νικήσω, ἐνίκησα, νενίκηκα, νενίκημαι, ἐνικήθην
νίκη -ης, ἡ victory
νομίζω hold, consider, believe; hold as a custom, be accustomed to do (+ infin.) νομιῶ, ἐνόμισα, νενόμικα, νενόμισμαι, ἐνομίσθην
νόμος -ου, ὁ custom, tradition, law
νόσος -ου, ὁ disease
νοῦς (νόος), νοῦ (νόου), ὁ mind, perception, sense
νῦν, νυνί now
νύξ νυκτός, ἡ night
ξένος -ου, ὁ guest-friend; foreigner, stranger
ὁ ἡ τό the
ὅδε ἥδε τόδε this
ὁδός -οῦ, ἡ road
ὅθεν from where
οἶδα to know (pf. in pres. sense); to know how to (+ infin.), infin. εἰδέναι, imperat. ἴσθι, plupf. used as impf. ᾔδη
οἰκεῖος -α -ον domestic, of the house; one’s own; fitting, suitable
οἰκέω inhabit, occupy οἰκήσω, ᾤκησα, ᾤκηκα, ᾠκήθην
οἰκία -ας, ἡ building, house, dwelling
οἶκος -ου, ὁ house, home, family
οἴομαι, οἶμαι think, suppose, imagine (+ acc. and infin.) ᾠήθην, imperf. ᾤμην
οἷος -α -ον such as, of what sort, like; (exclam.) what a!, how! ; οἷός τε (+ inf.) fit or able to
ὀλίγος -η -ον few, little, small
ὅλος -η -ον whole, entire, complete
ὅμοιος -α -ον like, resembling
ὁμολογέω agree ὁμολογήσω, ὡμολόγησα, ὡμολόγηκα, ὡμολόγημαι, ὡμολογήθην
ὅμως nevertheless, all the same
ὄνομα -ατος, τό name; fame
ὀνομάζω call by name ὀνομάσω, ὠνόμασα, ὠνόμακα, ὠνόμασμαι, ὠνομάσθην
ὀξύς -εῖα -ύ sharp, keen, shrill, pungent
ὅπλον -ου, τό weapon, tool, implement (mostly pl.)
ὅπου wherever
ὅπως how, as, so that
ὁράω see ὄψομαι, 2 aor. εἶδον, ἑόρακα and ἑώρακα, ὤφθην, imperf. ἑώρων
ὀρθός -ή -όν upright, straight, true, regular
ὁρμάω set in motion, urge on; (intr.) start, hasten on ὁρμήσω, ὥρμησα, ὥρμηκα, ὥρμημαι, ὡρμήθην
ὄρος -ους, τό mountain, hill
ὅς ἥ ὅ who, which, that
ὅσος -η -ον however much
ὅσπερ ἥπερ ὅπερ the very one who, the very thing which
ὅστις ἥτις ὅ τι any one who, any thing which
ὅταν = ὄτε + ἄν
ὅτε when
ὅτι because, that
οὐ οὐκ οὐχ not (with indicative verbs)
οὐδέ but not
οὐδείς οὐδεμία οὐδέν no one, nothing
οὐκέτι no longer
οὐκοῦν surely then (inviting assent to an inference)
οὖν therefore, so
οὐρανός -οῦ, ὁ sky, heaven
οὐσία -ας, ἡ substance, property, essence
οὔτε and not
οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this
οὕτως in this way
ὀφθαλμός -οῦ, ὁ eye
πάθος -ους, τό incident, accident, misfortune, experience; passion, emotion; state, condition
παῖς παιδός, ὁ/ἡ son, daughter, child; slave
παλαιός -ά -όν old
πάντως altogether, in all ways; at any rate
πάλιν back, backwards
πάνυ altogether, entirely
παρά from (+gen.), beside (+dat.), to (+acc.)
παραδίδωμι transmit, hand over, surrender παραδώσω, 1 aor. παρέδωκα in s., 2 aor. in pl. παρέδομεν, παραδέδωκα, παραδέδομαι, παρεδόθην
παρασκευάζω get ready, prepare, provide παρασκευάσω, παρεσκεύασα
πάρειμι be present, be ready or at hand; (impers.) πάρεστί μοι it depends on me, is in my power; τὰ παρόντα the present circumstances; τὸ παρόν just now
παρέχω provide παρέξω, παρέσχον, παρέσχηκα, imperf. παρεῖχον
πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν every, all
πάσχω suffer, experience, be affected in a certain way (+ adv.) πείσομαι, 2 aor. ἔπαθον, 2 perf. πέπονθα
πατήρ πατρός, ὁ father
πατρίς -ίδος, ἡ fatherland
παύω stop, put an end to; (mid.) cease παύσω, ἔπαυσα, πέπαυκα, πέπαυμαι, ἐπαύθην
πείθω persuade, win over; (mid. and pass.) obey, believe in, trust in (+ dat.) πείσω, ἔπεισα, 2 perf. πέποιθα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην
πειράω (usually mid. πειράομαι) attempt, try, make a trial of (+ gen.) πειράσομαι, ἐπείρασα, πεπείραμαι, ἐπειράθην
πέμπω send πέμψω, ἔπεμψα, πέπομφα, πέπεμμαι, ἐπέμφθην
περ very much, however much (enclitic, adding force to the word to which it is added)
περί around, about (+gen., dat., acc.)
πίνω drink πίομαι, 2 aor. ἔπιον, πέπωκα, -πέπομαι, -επόθην
πίπτω fall, fall down πεσοῦμαι, ἔπεσον, πέπτωκα
πιστεύω trust, rely on, believe in (+ dat.) πιστεύσω, ἐπίστευσα, πεπίστευκα, πεπίστευμαι, ἐπιστεύθην
πίστις -εως, ἡ trust in others, faith; that which gives confidence, assurance, pledge, guarantee
πλεῖστος -η -ον most, greatest, largest (superl. πολύς)
πλείων, πλέων more, larger; (adv.) πλέον more, rather
πλέω sail πλεύσομαι, ἔπλευσα, πέπλευκα, πέπλευσμαι, ἐπλεύσθην
πλῆθος πλήθους, τό crowd
πλήν except (+gen.)
πνεῦμα -ατος, τό wind, breath, spirit
ποιέω make, produce, cause, do; (mid.) consider, reckon ποιήσω, ἐποίησα, πεποίηκα, πεποίημαι, ἐποιήθην
ποιητής -οῦ, ὁ creator, poet
ποῖος -α -ον what sort of?
πολεμέω make war πολεμήσω, ἐπολέμησα, πεπολέμηκα
πολέμιος -α -ον hostile; οἱ πολέμιοι the enemy
πόλεμος -ου ὁ war
πόλις -εως, ἡ acity
πολιτεία -ας, ἡ constitution, citizenship, republic
πολλάκις often
πολύς πολλή πολύ much, many
πονηρός -ά -όν worthless, bad
πόνος -ου, ὁ work; stress, trouble, pain
πορεύω carry; (mid. and pass) go, walk, march πορεύσω, ἐπόρευσα, pf. pass. πεπόρευμαι, aor. ἐπορεύθην
ποταμός -οῦ, ὁ river
πότε when?
ποτε at some time, once
πότερος -α -ον which of the two? (adv.) πότερον whether
ποῦ, where?
που somewhere
πούς ποδός, ὁ foot
πρᾶγμα -ατος, τό thing; (pl.) circumstances, affairs, business
πρᾶξις -εως, ἡ action
πράσσω do, achieve, accomplish; do or fare in a certain way (+ adv.) πράξω, ἔπραξα, πέπραχα, πέπραγμαι, ἐπράχθην
πρέσβυς πρέσβεως, ὁ old man; (pl.) ambassadors
πρίν before, until; formerly
πρό before, in front of (+gen.)
πρός to (+dat.), in addition to (+acc.)
προσήκων –ουσα -ον belonging to, befitting; οἱ προσήκοντες relatives; τὰ προσήκοντα duties
προστίθημι add; (med.) join προσθήσω, προσέθηκα, προστέθηκα, προστέθειμαι (but usu. instead προσκεῖμαι), προσετέθην
πρόσωπον -ου, τό face, mask, person
πρότερος -α -ον before, earlier
πρῶτος -η -ον first; (adv.) τὸ πρῶτον in the first place
πυνθάνομαι learn, hear, inquire concerning (+ gen.) πεύσομαι, 2 aor. ἐπυθόμην, πέπυσμαι
πῦρ πυρός, τό fire
πῶς how?
πως in any way
ῥᾴδιος -α -ον easy
σαφής -ές clear
σημεῖον -ου, τό sign
σκοπέω look at, watch; look into, consider, examine σκοπήσω, ἐσκόπησα
σός σή σόν your, yours (sing.)
σοφός -ή -όν wise
στάδιον, pl. στάδια and στάδιοι stadion or stade, the longest Greek unit of linear measure, about 185 meters
στόμα -ατος, τό mouth
στρατηγός -οῦ, ὁ general
στρατιά -ᾶς, ἡ or στρατός -οῦ, ὁ army
στρατιώτης -ου, ὁ soldier
σύ σοῦ, (pl.) ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν you
συμβαίνω meet, come to an agreement, correspond; happen, occur, come to pass; turn out in a certain way (+ adv.), result συμβήσομαι, 2 aor. συνέβην, συμβέβηκα
σύμμαχος -ον allied with (+dat.); οἱ σύμμαχοι allies
συμφέρω benefit, be useful or profitable to (+dat.) συνοίσω, 1 aor. συνήνεγκα; (impers.) συμφέρει it is of use, expedient (+ infin.); τὸ συμφέρον use, profit, advantage
συμφορά -ᾶς, ἡ event, circumstance, misfortune
σύν with (+dat.)
σχῆμα -ατος, τό form, figure, appearance, character
σῴζω save σώσω, ἔσωσα, σέσωκα, ἐσώθην
σῶμα -ατος, τό body
σωτηρία -ας, ἡ safety
τάξις -εως, ἡ arrangement, order
τάσσω arrange τάξω, ἔταξα, τέταχα, τέταγμαι, ἐτάχθην
ταχύς -εῖα -ύ quick
τε and (postpositive enclitic); τε … τε both … and
τεῖχος τείχους, τό wall
τέκνον -ου, τό child
τελευτάω finish; die τελευτήσω, ἐτελεύτησα, τετελεύτηκα, τετελεύτημαι, ἐτελευτήθην
τέλος τέλους, τό end, fulfillment, achievement
τέμνω cut, cut down, cut to pieces τεμῶ, 2 aor. ἔτεμον, -τέτμηκα, τέτμημαι, ἐτμήθην
τέχνη -ης, ἡ art, skill
τίθημι to put, place; establish, ordain, institute; put in a certain state θήσω, ἔθηκα, τέθηκα, τέθειμαι (but usu. κεῖμαι instead ), ἐτέθην
τίκτω to give birth τίκτω, τέξω or τέξομαι, ἔτεκον, τέτοκα
τιμάω to honor τιμήσω, ἐτίμησα, τετίμηκα, τετίμημαι, ἐτιμήθην
τιμή -ῆς, ἡ value, honor
τίς τί who? what? which?
τις τι someone, something;
τοίνυν therefore
τοιόσδε τοιάδε τοιόνδε such as this, such as follows
τοιοῦτος τοιαύτη τοιοῦτο such as this
τολμάω dare τολμήσω, ἐτόλμησα, τετόλμηκα, τετόλμημαι, ἐτολμήθην
τόπος -ου, ὁ place, topic
τοσοῦτος -αύτη -οῦτο(ν) so large, so much
τότε then
τρέπω turn, direct towards a thing; put to flight, defeat; (pass.) turn one’s steps in a certain direction, go τρέψω, ἔτρεψα, τέτροφα, ἐτράπην
τρέφω nourish, feed, support, maintain, rear, educate θρέψω, ἔθρεψα, τέτροφα, τέθραμμαι, ἐτράφην
τρόπος -ου, ὁ way, manner, fashion; way of life, habit, custom
τροφή -ῆς, ἡ nourishment, food
τυγχάνω hit, light upon, meet by chance (+gen.); reach, gain, obtain; happen to be (+part.); happen to be at a place τεύξομαι, ἔτυχον, τετύχηκα, τέτυγμαι, ἐτύχθην
τύχη -ης, ἡ luck, fortune (good or bad), fate, chance
ὕδωρ ὕδατος, τό water
υἱός -οῦ, ὁ son
ὑμέτερος -α -ον your, yours (pl.)
ὑπάρχω exist, be, belong to ὑπάρξω, ὑπῆρξα, ὑπῆργμαι, ὑπήρχθην; τὰ ὑπάρχοντα existing circumstances
ὑπέρ for, concerning, on behalf of (+gen.); beyond (+acc.)
ὑπό by (+gen), under (+gen., dat.), down under (+acc.)
ὑπολαμβάνω take up, seize; answer, reply; assume, suppose ὑπολήψομαι, ὑπέλαβον, ὑπείληφα, ὑπείλημμαι, ὑπελήφθην
ὕστερος -α -ον coming after, following (+ gen.); next, later; (adv.) ὕστερον afterwards
φαίνω bring to light, make appear, explain; (pass.) come to light, be seen, appear, appear to be (+ infin.) φανῶ, ἔφηνα, πέφηνα, πέφασμαι, ἐφάνην
φανερός -ά -όν clear, evident
φέρω bear, carry, bring, fetch; bear, endure; carry off or away οἴσω, 1 aor. ἤνεγκα, 2 aor. ἤνεγκον, 2 perf. ἐνήνοχα, ἐνήνεγμαι, ἠνέχθην; φέρε come now, well
φεύγω flee, run away φεύξομαι, ἔφυγον, πέφευγα
φημί say φήσω, impf. ἔφην
φίλος -η -ον beloved, dear
φοβέω put to flight; (mid. and pass.) flee, fear φοβήσω, ἐφόβησα, πεφόβημαι, ἐφοβήθην
φόβος -ου, ὁ panic, fear, flight
φράζω tell, declare; (mid. and pass.) think φράσω, ἔφρασα, πέφρακα, πέφρασμαι, ἐφράσθην
φρονέω think, intend to (+ infin.), be minded towards (+ adv. and dat.) φρονήσω, ἐφρόνησα
φυλάσσω watch, guard, defend φυλάξω, ἐφύλαξα, πεφύλαχα, πεφύλαγμαι, ἐφυλάχθην
φύσις φύσεως, ἡ nature
φύω produce φύσω, ἔφυσα, 2 aor. ἔφυν grew, πέφυκα be by nature
φωνή φωνῆς, ἡ sound, voice
φῶς φωτός, τό light
χαίρω to be happy, rejoice at (+ dat.) χαιρήσω, κεχάρηκα, κεχάρημαι, ἐχάρην; χαῖρε, (pl.) χαίρετε hello, goodbye
χαλεπός -ή -όν difficult, troublesome
χάλκεος χαλκέα χάλκεον of copper or bronze
χάρις -ιτος, ἡ splendor, honor, glory; favor, goodwill, gratitude, thanks
χείρ χειρός, ἡ hand
χείρων –ονος -ὁ/ἡ worse, inferior
χράομαι (Dep.) use, experience, suffer (+dat.); treat someone in a certain way (+ dat. and adv.) χρήσομαι, ἐχρησάμην, κέχρημαι, ἐχρήσθην
χρή it is necessary, it is fated impf. χρῆν or ἐχρῆν, inf. χρῆναι
χρῆμα -ατος, τό thing, (pl.) money
χρήσιμος -η -ον useful, serviceable
χρόνος -ου, ὁ time
χώρα χώρας, ἡ land; place
χωρίον χωρίου, τό place, spot, district
χωρίς apart, separately
ψυχή -ῆς, ἡ breath, soul
ὦ oh!
ὧδε thus, in this way; hither, here
ὡς as, since, so that (+subj./opt.); (indirect statement) that, to
ὥσπερ just as, as if
ὥστε that (result)
